{"id":2164,"date":"2016-03-14T10:44:45","date_gmt":"2016-03-14T01:44:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/lawlec.korea.ac.kr\/?p=2164"},"modified":"2016-03-14T10:44:45","modified_gmt":"2016-03-14T01:44:45","slug":"%ec%a0%84%ec%9e%90-%ea%b3%84%ec%95%bd%ea%b3%bc-%ec%a0%84%ec%9e%90-%eb%ac%b8%ec%84%9c","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lawlec.korea.ac.kr\/?p=2164","title":{"rendered":"\uc804\uc790 \uacc4\uc57d\uacfc \uc804\uc790 \ubb38\uc11c"},"content":{"rendered":"

\uc804\uc790\uacc4\uc57d\uacfc \uc804\uc790\ubb38\uc11c<\/a><\/p>\n

\uc804\uc790 \uacc4\uc57d \uacfc \uc804\uc790 \ubb38\uc11c<\/h2>\n

1. \uc6a9\uc5b4 \ubc0f \uac1c\ub150<\/strong><\/p>\n

(\uac00) \u201c\uc804\uc790 \uac70\ub798\u201d<\/p>\n

\ubc95 2\uc870 5\ud638: \u201c\uadf8 \uc804\ubd80 \ub610\ub294 \uc77c\ubd80\uac00 \uc804\uc790\ubb38\uc11c\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uc5ec \ucc98\ub9ac\ub418\ub294 \uac70\ub798\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201c\uc804\uc790 \uacc4\uc57d\u201d\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uc6a9\uc5b4\uc5d0 \ud2b9\ubcc4\ud55c \ubc95\uae30\uc220\uc801 \uc758\ubbf8\ub97c \ubd80\uc5ec\ud560 \uc774\uc720\ub294 \uc5c6\uc74c. \uacc4\uc57d \uccb4\uacb0\uc774\ub098 \uc774\ud589\uc758 \uc804\ubd80\ub098 \uc77c\ubd80\uac00 \uc804\uc790\ubb38\uc11c\ub97c \uc774\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc9c0\ub294 \uacc4\uc57d\uc744 \uc804\uc790 \uacc4\uc57d\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \uc774\ud574\ud558\uba74 \ucda9\ubd84.<\/p>\n

(\ub098) \u201c\uc804\uc790 \ubb38\uc11c\u201d<\/p>\n

\ubc95 2\uc870 1\ud638: \u201c\uc804\uc790\uc801 \ud615\ud0dc\ub85c \uc791\uc131, \uc1a1\uc2e0\u00b7\uc218\uc2e0 \ub610\ub294 \uc800\uc7a5\ub41c \uc815\ubcf4\u201d<\/p>\n

UN Convention 2005, Art. 4(c): \u201cData message\u201d means information generated, sent, received or stored by electronic, magnetic, optical or similar means, including, but not limited to, electronic data interchange, electronic mail, telegram, telex or telecopy;<\/p>\n

UN Convention 2005, Art. 4(b): \u201cElectronic communication\u201d means any communication that the parties make by means of data messages;<\/p>\n

UN Convention 2005, Art. 4(a): \u201cCommunication\u201d means any statement, declaration, demand,
\nnotice or request, including an offer and the acceptance of an offer, that the
\nparties are required to make or choose to make in connection with the
\nformation or performance of a contract<\/p>\n

\u201c\uc804\uc790 \ubb38\uc11c\u201d\ub294 \u201cdata message\u201d\uc640 \uac19\uc74c. \ud575\uc2ec\uc740 \u2018\uc815\ubcf4\u2019\uc774\uc9c0, \u2018\ubb38\uc11c\u2019\uac00 \uc544\ub2d8. \ubbfc\ubc95\uc740 \u2018\ubb38\uc11c\u2019\ub97c \ud2b9\ubcc4\ud788 \uc815\uc758\ud558\uac70\ub098 \u2018\ubb38\uc11c\u2019\uc758 \uc694\uac74\uc744 \uc815\ud574 \ub454\ubc14 \uc5c6\uc74c. \uc758\uc0ac \ud45c\uc2dc\uc758 \uc218\ub2e8\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c \uadf8 \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc744 \uc778\uc2dd\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \u201c\uc815\ubcf4 \ud45c\uc2dc \ub9e4\uccb4\u201d\ub97c \ubb38\uc11c\ub85c \ud574\uc11d\ud560 \uc5ec\uc9c0 \uc788\uc74c. \uc804\uc790\uc801 \uc815\ubcf4\uac00 \ud45c\uc2dc\/\uc800\uc7a5\/\uc811\uadfc \ub418\ub294 \uc218\ub2e8\uc774\ub098 \ub9e4\uccb4\uac00 \ubbfc\ubc95\uc0c1 \u2018\ubb38\uc11c\u2019\uac00 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c\uace0 \ubcfc \ub69c\ub837\ud55c \uadfc\uac70\ub3c4 \uc5c6\uc74c. \ubb38\uc11c\ub294 \uc99d\uac70\uc790\ub8cc\uc5d0 \ubd88\uacfc\ud568. \ubb38\uc11c\uac00 \uc5c6\ub354\ub77c\ub3c4 \ub2f9\uc0ac\uc790\uc758 \uc758\uc0ac\ub97c \ub2e4\ub978 \ubc29\ubc95\uc73c\ub85c \uc785\uc99d\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc73c\uba74 \uacc4\uc57d\uc774\ub098 \uac70\ub798\ub294 \uc720\ud6a8.<\/p>\n

UNCITRAL Model Law 1996 Article 9. Admissibility and evidential weight of data messages \ucc38\uc870.<\/p>\n

\uc720\uc5b8, \uc11c\uba74 \uc99d\uc5ec, \ud310\uacb0\uc11c, \uc5b4\uc74c, \uc218\ud45c \ub4f1 \u2018\uc694\uc2dd\uc131\u2019\uc774 \ubb38\uc81c\ub418\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0, \u2018\ubb38\uc11c\u2019\ub294 \ub2e8\uc21c\ud55c \uc99d\uac70 \uc790\ub8cc\uc774\uc0c1\uc758 \ubbfc\uc0ac\ubc95\uc801 \uc758\ubbf8\ub97c \uac00\uc9d0
\n\ubc18\uba74\uc5d0 \ud615\ubc95\uc0c1 \ubb38\uc11c\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uc8c4\uc5d0\uc11c \ub9d0\ud558\ub294 \u2018\ubb38\uc11c\u2019\ub294 \u201c\ubb38\uc790 \ub610\ub294 \uc774\uc5d0 \ub300\uc2e0\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uac00\ub3c5\uc801 \ubd80\ud638\ub85c \uacc4\uc18d\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ubb3c\uccb4 \uc0c1\uc5d0 \uae30\uc7ac\ub41c \uc758\uc0ac \ub610\ub294 \uad00\ub150\uc758 \ud45c\uc2dc\uc778 \uc6d0\ubcf8 \ub610\ub294 \uc774\uc640 \uc0ac\ud68c\uc801 \uae30\ub2a5, \uc2e0\uc6a9\uc131 \ub4f1\uc744 \ub3d9\uc77c\uc2dc\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uae30\uacc4\uc801 \ubc29\ubc95\uc5d0 \uc758\ud55c \ubcf5\uc0ac\ubcf8\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c \uadf8 \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc774 \ubc95\ub960\uc0c1, \uc0ac\ud68c\uc0dd\ud65c\uc0c1 \uc8fc\uc694 \uc0ac\ud56d\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uc99d\uac70\ub85c \ub420 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uac83\u201d\uc744 \uc758\ubbf8\ud558\ubbc0\ub85c \uc804\uc790\ubb38\uc11c\ub294 \ud615\ubc95\uc0c1 \ubb38\uc11c\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uc8c4\uc5d0\uc11c \ub9d0\ud558\ub294 \ubb38\uc11c\ub294 \uc544\ub2d8(\uc8c4\ud615\ubc95\uc815\uc8fc\uc758\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uace0\ub824) \ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 2006. 1. 26. \uc120\uace0 2004\ub3c4788 \ud310\uacb0<\/p>\n

\ucd5c\ud638\uc9c4, \u201c\ub300\ubc95\uc6d0 \ud310\ub840\uc5d0 \ub098\ud0c0\ub09c \ucef4\ud4e8\ud130 \uc774\ubbf8\uc9c0 \ud30c\uc77c\uacfc \ud615\ubc95\uc0c1 \ubb38\uc11c\u201d, \ub2e8\uad6d\ub300 \ubc95\ud559\ub17c\ucd1d \uc81c 36 \uad8c \uc81c 2 \ud638 (2013) 307-334<\/p>\n

\uc601\uad6d Interpretation Act \uc0c1 \u201cwriting\u201d\uc758 \uc815\uc758:
\n\u201cWriting\u201d includes typing, printing, lithography, photography and other modes of representing or reproducing words in a visible form, and expressions referring to writing are construed accordingly.<\/p>\n

\u201cCommunication\u201d \uc744 \u2018\uc758\uc0ac\ud45c\uc2dc\u2019, \u2018\uc758\uc0ac\ud45c\ud604\u2019, \u2018\ud1b5\uc9c0\u2019 \ub4f1\uc73c\ub85c \ubc88\uc5ed\ud558\uae30 \ubcf4\ub2e4\ub294 \u2018\uad50\uc2e0\u2019\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ubc88\uc5ed\ud568\uc774 \uc801\uc808. \u2018\uc758\uc0ac\ud45c\uc2dc\u2019\ub294 \ucd94\uc0c1\uc801, \uc774\ub860\uc801 \uac1c\ub150. \u2018\uad50\uc2e0\u2019\uc740 \uad6c\uccb4\uc801 \uc99d\uac70\ub97c \uc9c0\uce6d\ud558\ub294 \uac83. \u2018\uad50\uc2e0\u2019\uc744 \ud574\uc11d\ud558\uc5ec \uadf8 \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc744 \ud655\uc815\uc9c0\uc74c\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \uc758\uc0ac\ud45c\uc2dc\uc758 \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc774 \uacb0\uc815\ub420 \uac83\uc784. cf. \ucd5c\uacbd\uc9c4, \u201cUN\uc804\uc790\uacc4\uc57d\ud611\uc57d\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \ube44\uad50\ubc95\uc801 \uace0\ucc30\u201d, \uad6d\uc81c\uac70\ub798\ubc95 \uc5f0\uad6c, \uc81c19\uc9d1 \uc81c1\ud638(2010), 87; \uc624\ubcd1\ucca0, \u201cUNCITRAL \uc804\uc790\uacc4\uc57d\ud611\uc57d\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \ube44\uad50\ubc95\uc801 \uace0\ucc30\uacfc \uc804\uc790\uac70\ub798\uae30\ubcf8\ubc95\uc5d0\uc758 \uc601\ud5a5\u201d, \u300c\ube44\uad50\uc0ac\ubc95\u300d, \uc81c13\uad8c 4\ud638(2006), 97; \uc815\uc9c4\uba85, \u201cUNCITRAL \uc804\uc790\uacc4\uc57d\ud611\uc57d\uc758 \uad6d\ub0b4\ubc95\uc5d0\uc758 \uc218\uc6a9\u201d, \u300c\ube44\uad50\uc0ac\ubc95\u300d, \uc81c16\uad8c 2\ud638(2009), 52-53<\/p>\n

2. \uc804\uc790 \ubb38\uc11c\uc758 \u2018\ud6a8\ub825\u2019<\/strong><\/p>\n

\ubc95 4\uc870 \u2460 \uc804\uc790\ubb38\uc11c\ub294 \ub2e4\ub978 \ubc95\ub960\uc5d0 \ud2b9\ubcc4\ud55c \uaddc\uc815\uc774 \uc788\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0\ub97c \uc81c\uc678\ud558\uace0\ub294 \uc804\uc790\uc801 \ud615\ud0dc\ub85c \ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\ub2e4\ub294 \uc774\uc720\ub85c \ubb38\uc11c\ub85c\uc11c\uc758 \ud6a8\ub825\uc774 \ubd80\uc778\ub418\uc9c0 \uc544\ub2c8\ud55c\ub2e4.
\n\u2461 \ubcf4\uc99d\uc778\uc774 \uc790\uae30\uc758 \uc601\uc5c5 \ub610\ub294 \uc0ac\uc5c5\uc73c\ub85c \uc791\uc131\ud55c \ubcf4\uc99d\uc758 \uc758\uc0ac\uac00 \ud45c\uc2dc\ub41c \uc804\uc790\ubb38\uc11c\ub294 \u300c\ubbfc\ubc95\u300d \uc81c428\uc870\uc7582\uc81c1\ud56d \ub2e8\uc11c\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ubd88\uad6c\ud558\uace0 \uac19\uc740 \ud56d \ubcf8\ubb38\uc5d0 \ub530\ub978 \uc11c\uba74\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\ubbfc\ubc95 \uc81c428\uc870\uc7582 \uc81c1\ud56d
\n\ubcf4\uc99d\uc740 \uadf8 \uc758\uc0ac\uac00 \ubcf4\uc99d\uc778\uc758 \uae30\uba85\ub0a0\uc778 \ub610\ub294 \uc11c\uba85\uc774 \uc788\ub294 \uc11c\uba74\uc73c\ub85c \ud45c\uc2dc\ub418\uc5b4\uc57c \ud6a8\ub825\uc774 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud55c\ub2e4. \ub2e4\ub9cc, \ubcf4\uc99d\uc758 \uc758\uc0ac\uac00 \uc804\uc790\uc801 \ud615\ud0dc\ub85c \ud45c\uc2dc\ub41c \uacbd\uc6b0\uc5d0\ub294 \ud6a8\ub825\uc774 \uc5c6\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

UNCITRAL Model Law 1996, Art 11(1)
\nIn the context of contract formation, unless otherwise agreed by the parties, an offer and the acceptance of an offer may be expressed by means of data messages. Where a data message is used in the formation of a contract, that contract shall not be denied validity or enforceability on the sole ground that a data message was used for that purpose.<\/p>\n

E-Commerce Directive 2000 Art 9(1)
\nMember States shall ensure that their legal system allows contracts to be concluded by electronic means. Member States shall in particular ensure that the legal requirements applicable to the contractual process neither create obstacles for the use of electronic contracts nor result in such contracts being deprived of legal effectiveness and validity on account of their having been made by electronic means.<\/p>\n

UN Convention 2005, Art. 8(1) A communication or a contract shall not be denied validity or enforceability on the sole ground that it is in the form of an electronic communication.<\/p>\n

3. \uc804\uc790 \ubb38\uc11c\uc758 \uc1a1\uc2e0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\ubc95 \uc81c6\uc870 1\ud56d: \u201c\uc218\uc2e0\uc790 \ub610\ub294 \uadf8 \ub300\ub9ac\uc778\uc774 \ud574\ub2f9 \uc804\uc790\ubb38\uc11c\ub97c \uc218\uc2e0\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uc815\ubcf4\ucc98\ub9ac\uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc5d0 \uc785\ub825\ud55c \ub54c\uc5d0 \uc1a1\uc2e0\ub41c \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf8\ub2e4\u201d (2002.1.19 \uac1c\uc815)<\/p>\n

[\uac1c\uc815\uc804(1999\ub144 \uc81c\uc815) \uc804\uc790\ubb38\uc11c\ub294 \uc791\uc131\uc790 \uc678\uc758 \uc790 \ub610\ub294 \uc791\uc131\uc790\uc758 \ub300\ub9ac\uc778 \uc678\uc758 \uc790\uac00 \uad00\ub9ac\ud558\ub294 \ucef4\ud4e8\ud130\ub4f1\uc5d0 \uc785\ub825\ub41c \ub54c\uc5d0 \uc1a1\uc2e0\ub41c \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf8\ub2e4.]
\n\uc1a1\uc2e0\uacfc \uc218\uc2e0\uc744 \uc2dc\uac04\uc801, \uae30\uc220\uc801, \uac1c\ub150\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uad6c\ubd84\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc73c\ub824\ub294 \uc785\uc7a5. \uc774\ucca0\uc1a1, \u201c\uc804\uc790\uac70\ub798\uae30\ubcf8\ubc95\uc758 \uac1c\uc815\ubc29\ud5a5\u201d, \uc778\ud130\ub137\ubc95\ub960 2001\ub1443\uc6d4\ud638 13\uba74 (\uc798\ubabb\ub41c \uc8fc\uc18c\ub85c \ubc1c\uc1a1\ub41c \uc804\uc790\ubb38\uc11c\ub294 \uc544\uc608 \u2018\ubc1c\uc1a1\u2019\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c\ub294 \uc0dd\uac01; \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc885\ub798\ubd80\ud130 addressee \uac00 \uc544\ub2cc \uc790\uc5d0\uac8c \ubc1c\uc1a1\ud55c \uac83\uc740 \ubc1c\uc1a1\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c\ub294 \uc810\uc740 \uc774\ubbf8 \uc804\uc81c\ub41c \uac83 \uc544\ub2c8\uc5c8\ub294\uc9c0? \uc81c\ub300\ub85c \ub3c4\ub2ec\ud558\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud560 \uac83\uc774 \ubd84\uba85\ud55c \u2018\ubc1c\uc1a1\u2019\uc758 \ubb38\uc81c...)
\n\ub124\ud2b8\uc6cc\ud06c failure, \uc218\uc2e0\uc790\uce21 \uc815\ubcf4\ucc98\ub9ac\uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc758 \uc624\ub958\ub294 \ubaa8\ub450 \u2018\uc1a1\uc2e0\uc790\u2019\uc758 \uc704\ud5d8\uc73c\ub85c. But why? \uc9c0\uc6d0\ub9bc, \u201c\uc804\uc790\uac70\ub798\uc640 \uacc4\uc57d\ubc95\u201d 95\ub294 \ud68c\uc758\uc801.
\n\uc544\ub9c8\ub3c4, \uaca9\uc9c0\uc790 \uac04 \uacc4\uc57d\uc758 \uc131\ub9bd \u2018\uc2dc\uae30\u2019\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \ubbfc\ubc95 \uc81c531\uc870\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc624\ud574\ub85c \uc778\ud55c \ubb38\uc81c\ub97c \ud574\uacb0\ud574 \ubcf4\ub824\ub294 \uc5b4\uc0c9\ud55c \uc2dc\ub3c4?
\n\uae40\uc6b1\uace4, \u201c\uc2b9\ub099\uc758 \ud6a8\ub825\ubc1c\uc0dd\uacfc \uacc4\uc57d\uc758 \uc131\ub9bd\uc2dc\uae30\u201d \ubbfc\uc0ac\ubc95\ud559 \uc81c19\uad8c; \uc9c0\uc6d0\ub9bc, \u201c\uacc4\uc57d\uc758 \uc131\ub9bd\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uc785\ubc95\ub860\uc801 \uc5f0\uad6c\u201d \ubc95\uc870(2000) \ucc38\uc870.
\n\uace0\ud615\uc11d, \uc804\uc790\uc0c1\uac70\ub798 \uc131\ub9bd\uc2dc\uae30\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uc5f0\uad6c, \ube44\uad50\uc0ac\ubc95 \uc81c13\uad8c \uc81c3\ud638, 32 \uac1c\uc815\ud544\uc694 \uc758\uacac<\/p>\n

UNCITRAL Model Law 1996 Article 15(1)
\nUnless otherwise agreed between the originator and the addressee, the dispatch of a data message occurs when it enters an information system outside the control of the originator or of the person who sent the data message on behalf of the originator.<\/p>\n

UN Convention 2005, Art. 10(1)
\nThe time of dispatch of an electronic communication is the time when it leaves an information system under the control of the originator or of the party who sent it on behalf of the originator or, if the electronic communication has not left an information system under the control of the originator or of the party who sent it on behalf of the originator, the time when the electronic communication is received.<\/p>\n

4. \uc804\uc790 \ubb38\uc11c\uc758 \uc218\uc2e0 <\/strong><\/p>\n

\ubc95 \uc81c6\uc870 2\ud56d<\/p>\n

1. \uc218\uc2e0\uc790\uac00 \uc804\uc790\ubb38\uc11c\ub97c \uc218\uc2e0\ud560 \uc815\ubcf4\ucc98\ub9ac\uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc744 \uc9c0\uc815\ud55c \uacbd\uc6b0: \uc9c0\uc815\ub41c \uc815\ubcf4\ucc98\ub9ac\uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc5d0 \uc785\ub825\ub41c \ub54c. \ub2e4\ub9cc, \uc804\uc790\ubb38\uc11c\uac00 \uc9c0\uc815\ub41c \uc815\ubcf4\ucc98\ub9ac\uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc774 \uc544\ub2cc \uc815\ubcf4\ucc98\ub9ac\uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc5d0 \uc785\ub825\ub41c \uacbd\uc6b0\uc5d0\ub294 \uc218\uc2e0\uc790\uac00 \uc774\ub97c \ucd9c\ub825\ud55c \ub54c\ub97c \ub9d0\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

2. \uc218\uc2e0\uc790\uac00 \uc804\uc790\ubb38\uc11c\ub97c \uc218\uc2e0\ud560 \uc815\ubcf4\ucc98\ub9ac\uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc744 \uc9c0\uc815\ud558\uc9c0 \uc544\ub2c8\ud55c \uacbd\uc6b0: \uc218\uc2e0\uc790\uac00 \uad00\ub9ac\ud558\ub294 \uc815\ubcf4\ucc98\ub9ac\uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc5d0 \uc785\ub825\ub41c \ub54c<\/p>\n

\ubbfc\ubc95\uc0c1 \u2018\ub3c4\ub2ec\u2019\uacfc \uc804\uc790\ubb38\uc11c\uc758 \u2018\uc218\uc2e0\u2019 \uac04\uc758 \uad00\uacc4: \uc218\uc2e0\ub418\uc5c8\ub294\uc9c0\ub97c \uba3c\uc800 \ud310\ub2e8\ud558\uace0, \uc218\uc2e0\ub418\uc5c8\uc744 \uacbd\uc6b0 \uc774\ub97c \ub3c4\ub2ec\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ubcfc \uc218 \uc788\ub294\uc9c0\ub97c \uaddc\ubc94\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud310\ub2e8.
\n\uc218\uc2e0\ud560 \uc815\ubcf4\ucc98\ub9ac\uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc744 \uc9c0\uc815\ud588\uc74c\uc5d0\ub3c4 \uc774\uc640\ub294 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc815\ubcf4\ucc98\ub9ac\uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\ub0b4\uc628 \uc804\uc790\ubb38\uc11c\ub294 \uc5b8\uc81c \u2018\uc218\uc2e0\u2019\ub41c \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ubcfc \uac83\uc778\uc9c0...
\n\uc5ec\ub7ec\uac1c\uc758 \uc6b0\ud3b8 \uc8fc\uc18c\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud560 \uacbd\uc6b0, \uc774 \uc911 \ud55c \uc6b0\ud3b8 \uc8fc\uc18c\uc5d0 \ub3c4\ucc29\ud55c \uc758\uc0ac\ud45c\uc2dc\uc758 \uacbd\uc6b0\uc640\ub294 \ub2e4\ub974\uac8c \ubcfc \uc774\uc720.<\/p>\n

UNCITRAL Model Law 1996 Art. 15(2)
\n\uc9c0\uc815\ud55c \uc218\uc2e0 \uc8fc\uc18c\uc5d0 \ub3c4\ucc29\ud55c \uacbd\uc6b0: when the data message enters the designated information system
\n\uc218\uc2e0\uc8fc\uc18c\ub97c \uc9c0\uc815\ud588\uc74c\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ub2e4\ub978 \uc218\uc2e0\uc8fc\uc18c\uc5d0 \ub3c4\ucc29\ud55c \uacbd\uc6b0: when the data message is retrieved by the addressee.
\n\uc218\uc2e0\uc8fc\uc18c\ub97c \uc9c0\uc815\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\uc744 \uacbd\uc6b0: when the data message enters an information system of the addressee<\/p>\n

UN Convention 2005 Art. 10(2)
\ndesignated address\uc5d0 \ub3c4\ucc29\ub41c \uacbd\uc6b0: when it becomes capable of being retrieved by the addressee at an electronic address designated by the addressee.
\n\ub2e4\ub978 address\uc5d0 \ub3c4\ucc29\ub41c \uacbd\uc6b0: when it becomes capable of being retrieved by the addressee at that address and the addressee becomes aware that the electronic communication has been sent to that address.<\/p>\n

\uc804\uc790 \ubb38\uc11c\uac00 \uc8fc\uc18c\uc5d0 \ub3c4\ucc29\ud558\uba74, \uc778\uc2dd \uac00\ub2a5 \uc0c1\ud0dc\ub77c\uace0 \ucd94\uccad (An electronic communication is presumed to be capable of being retrieved by the addressee when it reaches the addressee\u2019s electronic address.)<\/p>\n

5. \uc218\uc2e0\ud655\uc778 \uc694\uccad\uc774 \uc788\uc740 \uacbd\uc6b0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\ubc95 \uc81c9\uc8701\ud56d: \uc791\uc131\uc790\uac00 \uc218\uc2e0 \ud655\uc778\uc744 \uc870\uac74\uc73c\ub85c \uc804\uc790\ubb38\uc11c\ub97c \uc1a1\uc2e0\ud55c \uacbd\uc6b0 \uc791\uc131\uc790\uac00 \uc218\uc2e0 \ud655\uc778 \ud1b5\uc9c0\ub97c \ubc1b\uae30 \uc804\uae4c\uc9c0\ub294 \uadf8 \uc804\uc790\ubb38\uc11c\ub294 \uc1a1\uc2e0\ub418\uc9c0 \uc544\ub2c8\ud55c \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf8\ub2e4. \uc774 \uacbd\uc6b0 \u300c\ubbfc\ubc95\u300d \uc81c534\uc870\ub294 \uc801\uc6a9\ud558\uc9c0 \uc544\ub2c8\ud55c\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

\ubc95 \uc81c9\uc8702\ud56d: \uc791\uc131\uc790\uac00 \uc218\uc2e0 \ud655\uc778\uc744 \uc870\uac74\uc73c\ub85c \uba85\uc2dc\ud558\uc9c0 \uc544\ub2c8\ud558\uace0 \uc218\uc2e0 \ud655\uc778 \ud1b5\uc9c0\ub97c \uc694\uad6c\ud55c \uacbd\uc6b0\uc5d0 \uc0c1\ub2f9\ud55c \uae30\uac04(\uc791\uc131\uc790\uac00 \uc9c0\uc815\ud55c \uae30\uac04 \ub610\ub294 \uc791\uc131\uc790\uc640 \uc218\uc2e0\uc790 \uac04\uc5d0 \uc57d\uc815\ud55c \uae30\uac04\uc774 \uc788\ub294 \uacbd\uc6b0\uc5d0\ub294 \uadf8 \uae30\uac04\uc744 \ub9d0\ud55c\ub2e4) \ub0b4\uc5d0 \uc791\uc131\uc790\uac00 \uc218\uc2e0 \ud655\uc778 \ud1b5\uc9c0\ub97c \ubc1b\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud558\uc600\uc744 \ub54c\uc5d0\ub294 \uc791\uc131\uc790\ub294 \uadf8 \uc804\uc790\ubb38\uc11c\uc758 \uc1a1\uc2e0\uc744 \ucca0\ud68c\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

UNCITRAL Model Law 1996 Art. 14(3)
\nWhere the originator has stated that the data message is conditional on receipt of the acknowledgement, the data message is treated as though it has never been sent, until the acknowledgement is received.<\/p>\n

UNCITRAL Model Law 1996 Art. 14(4)(b)
\nif the acknowledgement is not received within the time specified in subparagraph (a), [the originator] may, upon notice to the addressee, treat the data message as though it had never been sent, or exercise any other rights it may have.<\/p>\n

6. Attribution<\/strong><\/p>\n

\ubc95 \uc81c7\uc870 \uc81c1\ud56d \ub2e4\uc74c \uac01 \ud638\uc758 \uc5b4\ub290 \ud558\ub098\uc5d0 \ud574\ub2f9\ud558\ub294 \uc804\uc790\ubb38\uc11c\uc5d0 \ud3ec\ud568\ub41c \uc758\uc0ac\ud45c\uc2dc\ub294 \uc791\uc131\uc790\uac00 \uc1a1\uc2e0\ud55c \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

1. \uc791\uc131\uc790\uc758 \ub300\ub9ac\uc778\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uc5ec \uc1a1\uc2e0\ub41c \uc804\uc790\ubb38\uc11c
\n2. \uc790\ub3d9\uc73c\ub85c \uc804\uc790\ubb38\uc11c\ub97c \uc1a1\uc2e0\u00b7\uc218\uc2e0\ud558\ub3c4\ub85d \uad6c\uc131\ub41c \ucef4\ud4e8\ud130\ud504\ub85c\uadf8\ub7a8\uc774\ub098 \uadf8 \ubc16\uc758 \uc804\uc790\uc801 \uc218\ub2e8\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uc5ec \uc1a1\uc2e0\ub41c \uc804\uc790\ubb38\uc11c<\/p>\n

\ubb38\uc81c\uc810:<\/p>\n

presumption \uc5d0 \ubd88\uacfc\ud55c \uac83\uc784\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ub9c8\uce58 irrebuttable presumption \uc778 \uac83\ucc98\ub7fc \uaddc\uc815 (\"The purpose of article 13 is not to assign responsibility. It deals rather with attribution of data messages by establishing a presumption that under certain circumstances a data message would be considered as a message of the originator\" p. 49)
\n\uc791\uc131\uc790 \ub610\ub294 \uadf8 \ub300\ub9ac\uc778\uc774 \ud504\ub85c\uadf8\ub7a8\ud55c \uc790\ub3d9\ucc98\ub9ac\uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uc5ec \uc1a1\uc2e0\ub41c \uacbd\uc6b0\ub97c \ub9d0\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc778\ub370, \uc774 \uc5b8\uae09\uc774 \ub204\ub77d\ub428.<\/p>\n

UNCITRAL Model Law 1996 Art. 13<\/p>\n

data message to be deemed to be that of the originator
\n1. if it was sent by the originator itself.
\n2. if it was sent by a person who has the authority to do so
\n3. if it was sent by an information system programmed by, or on behalf of, the originator to operate automatically.<\/p>\n

\ubc95 \uc81c7\uc870 \uc81c2\ud56d \uc218\uc2e0\uc790\ub294 \ub2e4\uc74c \uacbd\uc6b0 \ud574\ub2f9 \uc804\uc790\ubb38\uc11c\ub97c \uc791\uc131\uc790\uc758 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ucde8\uae09\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub2e4.
\n1. \uc804\uc790\ubb38\uc11c\uac00 \uc791\uc131\uc790\uc758 \uac83\uc774\uc5c8\ub294\uc9c0\ub97c \ud655\uc778\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud558\uc5ec \uc218\uc2e0\uc790\uac00 \ubbf8\ub9ac \uc791\uc131\uc790\uc640 \ud569\uc758\ud55c \uc808\ucc28\ub97c \ub530\ub978 \uacbd\uc6b0
\n2. \uc218\uc2e0\ub41c \uc804\uc790\ubb38\uc11c\uac00 \uc791\uc131\uc790 \ub610\ub294 \uadf8 \ub300\ub9ac\uc778\uacfc\uc758 \uad00\uacc4\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uc5ec \uc218\uc2e0\uc790\uac00 \uadf8\uac83\uc774 \uc791\uc131\uc790 \ub610\ub294 \uadf8 \ub300\ub9ac\uc778\uc758 \uc758\uc0ac\uc5d0 \uae30\ud55c \uac83\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ubbff\uc744 \ub9cc\ud55c \uc815\ub2f9\ud55c \uc774\uc720\uac00 \uc788\ub294 \uc790\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uc5ec \uc1a1\uc2e0\ub41c \uacbd\uc6b0
\n\u201c\ud569\uc758\ub41c \uc808\ucc28\u201d\ub97c \ub530\ub974\uba74 \ub418\ub3c4\ub85d \uaddc\uc815\ud558\ub294\ub370, \uadf8 \uc808\ucc28\uac00 \ub2f9\uc2dc\uc758 \uae30\uc220 \uc218\uc900\uc5d0 \ube44\ucd94\uc5b4 unreasonable \ud55c \uacbd\uc6b0\uc5d0\ub294? \uc81c7\uc870 \uc81c2\ud56d \uc81c2\ud638\uc758 \ubb38\uc81c\ub85c \ub420 \uac83.<\/p>\n

UNCITRAL Model Law 1996 Art. 13(3)<\/p>\n

(a) (if ) the addressee properly applied a procedure previously agreed to by the originator for that purpose (= to ascertain whether the data message was that of the originator)<\/p>\n

(b) (if the received data message) resulted from the actions of a person whose relationship with the originator or with any agent of the originator enabled that person to gain access to a method used by the originator to identify data messages as its own.<\/p>\n

UN Convention 2005 Art. 12<\/p>\n

A contract formed by the interaction of an automated message system and a natural person, or by the interaction of automated message systems, shall not be denied validity or enforceability on the sole ground that no natural person reviewed or intervened in each of the individual actions carried out by the automated message systems or the resulting contract.<\/p>\n

7. \ucc29\uc624<\/strong><\/p>\n

UN Convention 2005 Art. 14<\/p>\n

\uc801\uc6a9 \ub300\uc0c1, \uc870\uac74
\nWhere a natural person makes an input error in an electronic communication exchanged with the automated message system of another party
\nthe automated message system does not provide the person with an opportunity to correct the error<\/p>\n

\uc989\uac01 \ud1b5\uc9c0 + has not used or received any material benefit or value \uc77c \uacbd\uc6b0\uc5d0 \ud55c\ud558\uc5ec \ucde8\uc18c\uac00\ub2a5.<\/p>\n

8. \uc11c\uba85<\/strong><\/p>\n

\ubc95 \uc81c11\uc870 \uc804\uc790\uac70\ub798 \uc911\uc5d0\uc11c \uc804\uc790\uc11c\uba85\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uc0ac\ud56d\uc740 \u300c\uc804\uc790\uc11c\uba85\ubc95\u300d\uc5d0\uc11c \uc815\ud558\ub294 \ubc14\uc5d0 \ub530\ub978\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

UNCITRAL Model Law 1996 Art. 7
\nWhere the law requires a signature of a person, that requirement is met in relation to a data message if:
\n(a) a method is used to identify that person and to indicate that person\u2019s approval of the information contained in the data message; and
\n(b) that method is as reliable as was appropriate for the purpose for which the data message was generated or communicated, in the light of all the circumstances, including any relevant agreement.<\/p>\n

\u201cthe risk of tying the legal framework provided by the Model Law to a given state of technical development.\u201d \ud574\uc124\uc11c p. 38<\/p>\n

appropriate \ud55c\uc9c0\ub97c \ud310\ub2e8\ud568\uc5d0 \uace0\ub824\ud560 \uc694\uc18c\ub4e4:
\n(1) the sophistication of the equipment used by each of the parties;
\n(2) the nature of their trade activity;
\n(3) the frequency at which commercial transactions take place between the parties;
\n(4) the kind and size of the transaction;
\n(5) the function of signature requirements in a given statutory and regulatory environment;
\n(6) the capability of communication systems;
\n(7) compliance with authentication procedures set forth by intermediaries;
\n(8) the range of authentication procedures made available by any intermediary;
\n(9) compliance with trade customs and practice;
\n(10) the existence of insurance coverage mechanisms against unauthorized messages;
\n(11) the importance and the value of the information contained in the data message;
\n(12) the availability of alternative methods of identification and the cost of implementation;
\n(13) the degree of acceptance or non-acceptance of the method of identification in the relevant industry or field both at the time the method was agreed upon and the time when the data message was communicated; and
\n(14) any other relevant factor.<\/p>\n

\ucc38\uace0 \uc790\ub8cc<\/p>\n

\uc804\uc790\ubb38\uc11c \ubc0f \uc804\uc790\uac70\ub798\uae30\ubcf8\ubc95
\n\uc804\uc790\uc11c\uba85\ubc95
\nUNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Commerce 1996<\/a>
\nUN Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts 2005<\/a><\/p>\n

\uc774\ucca0\uc1a1, \u201c\uc804\uc790\uac70\ub798\uae30\ubcf8\ubc95\uc758 \uac1c\uc815\ubc29\ud5a5\u201d, \uc778\ud130\ub137\ubc95\ub960 2001\ub1443\uc6d4\ud638
\n\ucd5c\uacbd\uc9c4, \u201cUN\uc804\uc790\uacc4\uc57d\ud611\uc57d\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \ube44\uad50\ubc95\uc801 \uace0\ucc30\u201d, \uad6d\uc81c\uac70\ub798\ubc95 \uc5f0\uad6c, \uc81c19\uc9d1 \uc81c1\ud638(2010)
\n\uc624\ubcd1\ucca0, \u201cUNCITRAL \uc804\uc790\uacc4\uc57d\ud611\uc57d\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \ube44\uad50\ubc95\uc801 \uace0\ucc30\uacfc \uc804\uc790\uac70\ub798\uae30\ubcf8\ubc95\uc5d0\uc758 \uc601\ud5a5\u201d, \u300c\ube44\uad50\uc0ac\ubc95\u300d, \uc81c13\uad8c 4\ud638(2006)
\n\uc815\uc9c4\uba85, \u201cUNCITRAL \uc804\uc790\uacc4\uc57d\ud611\uc57d\uc758 \uad6d\ub0b4\ubc95\uc5d0\uc758 \uc218\uc6a9\u201d, \u300c\ube44\uad50\uc0ac\ubc95\u300d, \uc81c16\uad8c 2\ud638(2009)
\n\uace0\ud615\uc11d, \u201c\uc804\uc790\uc801 \uc758\uc0ac\ud45c\uc2dc\uc758 \ud6a8\ub825\ubc1c\uc0dd\uc2dc\uae30\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uc5f0\uad6c\u201d, \uc7ac\uc0b0\ubc95\uc5f0\uad6c \uc81c28\uad8c \uc81c3\ud638(2011)
\n\uc815\uc9c4\uba85, \u201c\uc804\uc790\uac70\ub798 \uaddc\uc815\uc758 \ubbfc\ubc95 \ud3b8\uc785 \uc81c\uc548\u201d \ubbfc\uc0ac\ubc95\ud559 \uc81c48\uad8c(2010)
\n\uae40\uc7ac\ud615, \u201c\uc804\uc790\uac70\ub798\uc5d0\uc11c \uacc4\uc57d\uc758 \uc131\ub9bd\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uac1c\uc815\ubc29\uc548\u201d, \ubc95\ubb34\ubd80, \uc804\uc790\uac70\ub798 \ubc95\uc81c\uc758 \uac1c\uc815 \ucc29\uc548\uc810 (2001)
\nThe Electronic Communications Act 2000
\nLaw Commission, Electronic Commerce: Formal Requirements in Commercial Transactions (2001)
\nhttp:\/\/www.lawcom.gov.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/09\/electronic_commerce_advice.pdf
\nIan Lloyd, Information Technology Law, 456-457 (Cryptography service provider \ub4f1\ub85d\uc81c; \uc790\uc728 \uaddc\uc81c\ub85c \uacb0\ub9d0. 5\ub144 \ub4a4 \uc790\ub3d9 \uc18c\uba78)<\/p>\n

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\uc804\uc790\uacc4\uc57d\uacfc \uc804\uc790\ubb38\uc11c \uc804\uc790 \uacc4\uc57d \uacfc \uc804\uc790 \ubb38\uc11c 1. \uc6a9\uc5b4 \ubc0f \uac1c\ub150 (\uac00) \u201c\uc804\uc790 \uac70\ub798\u201d \ubc95 2\uc870 5\ud638: \u201c\uadf8 \uc804\ubd80 \ub610\ub294 \uc77c\ubd80\uac00 \uc804\uc790\ubb38\uc11c\uc5d0 \uc758\ud558\uc5ec \ucc98\ub9ac\ub418\ub294 \uac70\ub798\u201d \u201c\uc804\uc790 \uacc4\uc57d\u201d\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uc6a9\uc5b4\uc5d0 \ud2b9\ubcc4\ud55c \ubc95\uae30\uc220\uc801 \uc758\ubbf8\ub97c \ubd80\uc5ec\ud560 \uc774\uc720\ub294 \uc5c6\uc74c. \uacc4\uc57d \uccb4\uacb0\uc774\ub098 \uc774\ud589\uc758 \uc804\ubd80\ub098 \uc77c\ubd80\uac00 \uc804\uc790\ubb38\uc11c\ub97c \uc774\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \uc774\ub8e8\uc5b4\uc9c0\ub294 \uacc4\uc57d\uc744 \uc804\uc790 \uacc4\uc57d\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \uc774\ud574\ud558\uba74 \ucda9\ubd84. (\ub098) \u201c\uc804\uc790 \ubb38\uc11c\u201d \ubc95 2\uc870 1\ud638: \u201c\uc804\uc790\uc801 \ud615\ud0dc\ub85c ...continue reading \"\uc804\uc790 \uacc4\uc57d\uacfc \uc804\uc790 \ubb38\uc11c\"<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2164","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","category-13","h-entry","hentry","h-as-article"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lawlec.korea.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2164","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lawlec.korea.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lawlec.korea.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lawlec.korea.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lawlec.korea.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2164"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/lawlec.korea.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2164\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lawlec.korea.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2164"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lawlec.korea.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2164"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lawlec.korea.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2164"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}