{"id":1676,"date":"2014-10-29T08:31:04","date_gmt":"2014-10-28T23:31:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/lawlec.korea.ac.kr\/?p=1676"},"modified":"2025-11-14T12:03:38","modified_gmt":"2025-11-14T12:03:38","slug":"ren-what-is-it","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lawlec.korea.ac.kr\/?p=1676","title":{"rendered":"\u201cRen (\u4ec1)\u201d: ethical integrity"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"> Ren (\u4ec1) and li (\u79ae)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>If you do not have the ethical integrity, what will become of li? If you do not have the ethical integrity, what will become of music?<br>\u5b50\u66f0\uff1a\u300c\u4eba\u800c\u4e0d\u4ec1\uff0c\u5982\u79ae\u4f55\uff1f\u4eba\u800c\u4e0d\u4ec1\uff0c\u5982\u6a02\u4f55\uff1f\u300d (\u516b\u4f7e, 3.3)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Yan Yuan asked about ren (\u4ec1). The Master said, \"To overcome oneself and bring oneself to the path of Li (\u79ae), that is ren (\u4ec1).\" \u984f\u6df5\u554f\u4ec1\u3002\u5b50\u66f0\uff1a\u300c\u514b\u5df1\u5fa9\u79ae\u70ba\u4ec1\u3002(12.1)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Zhong Gong asked about ethical integrity (\u4ec1). The Master said, \"When you are outside, behave courteously as if you are having an audience with a great guest (\u5927\u8cd3). When you employ people, treat them with respect as if you are conducting a solemn ceremony (\u5927\u796d). What you yourself do not want, do not do it to others. Make sure that there is no grievance in the country and in your household.\" Zhong Gong said, \"Although I am not smart, I shall mark these words.\" (12.2)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Zi Xia asked, \u2018\u201cEnchanting smile, revealing the dimples; Beautiful eyes, with a dark iris; Plain white, making patterns colourful.\u201d What does that mean?\u2019 The Master said, \u2018Painting is to be done on white.\u2019 Zi Xia said, \u2018Li comes afterwards, you mean?\u2019 The Master said, \u2018You move me, Shang! Now we can talk poetry together.\u2019 \u5b50\u590f\u554f\u66f0\uff1a\u300c\u300e\u5de7\u7b11\u5029(\ucc9c)\u516e\uff0c\u7f8e\u76ee\u76fc(\ubc18)\u516e\uff0c\u7d20\u4ee5\u70ba\u7d62(\ud604)\u516e\u3002\u300f\u4f55\u8b02\u4e5f\uff1f\u300d\u5b50\u66f0\uff1a\u300c\u7e6a\u4e8b\u5f8c\u7d20\u3002\u300d\u66f0\uff1a\u300c\u79ae\u5f8c\u4e4e\uff1f\u300d\u5b50\u66f0\uff1a\u300c\u8d77\u4e88\u8005\u5546\u4e5f\uff01\u59cb\u53ef\u8207\u8a00\u8a69\u5df2\u77e3\u3002\u300d (\u516b\u4f7e, 3.8)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Does 'ceremonial' Li (\u79ae) have much to do with Ren (\u4ec1)?\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Guan Zhong (\u7ba1\u4ef2)'s case<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Ren (\u4ec1) and beauty (\u7f8e)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>There is no one whose ren (\u4ec1) is as beautiful as him (\u7f8e\u4e14\u4ec1),<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There is no one whose drinking manners are as beautiful as him (\u7f8e\u4e14\u597d),<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There is no one whose horse riding stance is as beautiful as him (\u7f8e\u4e14\u6b66) <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>-- (\u8a69\u7d93, \u912d\u98a8, \u53d4\u4e8e\u7530)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>His ren (\u4ec1) is beautiful (\u7f8e\u4e14\u4ec1), <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>His neat hair is beautiful (\u7f8e\u4e14\u9b08), <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>His firm posture is beautiful (\u7f8e\u4e14\u5072). <br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>-- (\u8a69\u7d93, \u9f4a\u98a8, \u76e7\u4ee4)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5c19\u66f8, \u91d1\u6ed5 Duke of Zhou's prayer for his brother's recovery from illness<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Please take Dan's (=Duke of Zhou's) body instead of his body (\u4ee5\u65e6\u4ee3\u67d0\u4e4b\u8eab). My ren (\u4ec1) resembles our deceased father (\u4e88\u4ec1\u82e5\u8003). I have many talents and I have many skills. I can serve ghosts and spirits. My elder brother does not have as many talents or skills as myself. He cannot serve ghosts and spirits. Moreover, he has the task of making your descendents prosper in this land.&nbsp; <br><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\uae40\ubcd1\ud658, \"\uacf5\uc790 \uc774\uc804\uc758 \u4ec1\uac1c\ub150 \uc5f0\uad6c\", \ub3d9\uc591\ucca0\ud559 \uc81c20\uc9d1(2003)<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>2. What is truly beautiful?<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Master said, \"To live with \u4ec1 (ethical integrity; inner beauty) is truly beautiful. If you choose not to live with integrity, can you claim to have wisdom?\" \u5b50\u66f0\uff1a\u300c\u91cc\u4ec1\u70ba\u7f8e\u3002\u64c7\u4e0d\u8655\u4ec1\uff0c\u7109\u5f97\u77e5\uff1f\u300d(4.1)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Master said, \"Soothing words and pleasant face; there can hardly be ethical integrity.\" \u5b50\u66f0\uff1a\u300c\u5de7\u8a00\u4ee4\u8272\uff0c\u9bae\u77e3\u4ec1\uff01\u300d (1.3) (17.17)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Master said, \u2018Soothing words, pleasant face and lots of politeness. Zuo Qiu Ming regarded them as shameful. I (Qiu) also regard them as shameful. To hide grievance and pretend to be friend with the person. Zuo Qiu Ming regarded it as shameful. I also regard it as shameful.\u2019 \u5de7\u8a00\u3001\u4ee4\u8272\u3001\u8db3\u606d\uff0c\u5de6\u4e18\u660e\u6065\u4e4b\uff0c\u4e18\u4ea6\u6065\u4e4b\u3002\u533f\u6028\u800c\u53cb\u5176\u4eba\uff0c\u5de6\u4e18\u660e\u6065\u4e4b\uff0c\u4e18\u4ea6\u6065\u4e4b (5.25)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>3. Firm, decisive, courageous -- backed up with fury<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Firm, enraged, undecorated and terse. These are closer to ethical integrity. \u525b\u6bc5\u6728\u8a25\uff0c\u8fd1\u4ec1 (\u5b50\u8def, 13.27) \u6bc5 yi --&gt; \u300a<a href=\"https:\/\/ctext.org\/shuo-wen-jie-zi\">\u8aaa\u6587<\/a>\u300b\u5984\u6012\u4e5f\u3002\u4e00\u66f0\u6709\u6c7a\u4e5f\u3002\u8c55\u6012\u6bdb\u8c4e\u4e5f\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Master said, \u2018Only a man of ethical integrity can love a person or hate a person.\u2019 \u552f\u4ec1\u8005, \u80fd\u597d\u4eba \u80fd\u60e1\u4eba (\u91cc\u4ec1, 4.3)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Master said, \"A person with ethical integrity is bound to have courage. A courageous person does not necessarily have ethical integrity. \u4ec1\u8005\uff0c\u5fc5\u6709\u52c7\u3002\u52c7\u8005\uff0c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u6709\u4ec1\u3002(\u61b2\u554f, 14.4)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Fury (\u6012 nu)\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Duke Ai (\u54c0) asked, \"Among your students, who is fond of learning?\" Confucius replied, \"A man called Yan Hui was fond of learning. He was unwavering in his wrath. He did not repeat the same mistake twice (\u4e0d\u9077\u6012\uff0c\u4e0d\u8cb3\u904e). 6.3<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\"Without a heart seething with rage, you won't understand. Without gnashing your teeth, you won't develop yourself further. When I raise one corner and if you don't respond by raising the remaining three corners, I won't repeat again.\" \u5b50\u66f0\uff1a\u300c\u4e0d\u61a4\u4e0d\u555f\uff0c\u4e0d\u60b1\u4e0d\u767c\uff0c\u8209\u4e00\u9685\u4e0d\u4ee5\u4e09\u9685\u53cd\uff0c\u5247\u4e0d\u5fa9\u4e5f\u3002\u300d(7.8)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Confucius described himself as a person \"who would forget about eating when he is outraged (\u767c\u61a4\u5fd8\u98df)\" (7.19)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Courage (\u52c7 yong)\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Master said, \u2018If you indeed have ethical integrity, you would not give in to an army of 2500 soldiers.\u2019 \u5b50\u66f0\uff1a\u300c\u7576\u4ec1\u4e0d\u8b93\u65bc\u5e2b\u3002\u300d (\u885b\u9748\u516c, 15.36)&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u7576\u4ec1 means  \"if you have \u4ec1\"<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u7576 was used in this manner in \u8340\u5b50, \u541b\u5b50 (\u5148\u7956\u7576\u8ce2, \u5f8c\u5b50\u5b6b\u5fc5\u986f)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5e2b means 2500 soldiers.\u300a<a class=\"popup\" href=\"http:\/\/ctext.org\/shuo-wen-jie-zi\">\u8aaa\u6587<\/a>\u300b\u4e8c\u5343\u4e94\u767e\u4eba\u7232\u5e2b\u3002\u300a\u5468\u79ae\u00b7\u5730\u5b98\u300b\u4e94\u65c5\u7232\u5e2b\u3002Zhu Xi (11.26 \u5343\u4e58\u4e4b\u570b\uff0c\u651d\u4e4e\u5927\u570b\u4e4b\u9593\uff0c\u52a0\u4e4b\u4ee5\u5e2b\u65c5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e4b\u4ee5\u9951\u9949) \u4e8c\u5343\u4e94\u767e\u4eba\u70ba\u5e2b\uff0c\u4e94\u767e\u4eba\u70ba\u65c5<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Existing translations, however:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u201cWhen it comes to being Good, defer to no one, not even your teacher.\" (Edward Slingerland, Analects of Confucius, 2003)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\"When encountering matters that involve the question of humaneness, do not yield even to your teacher.\" (Annping Chin, The Analects, 2014)   <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u201cLe bien doit avoir le pas m\u00eame sur le ma\u00eetre.\u201d (Jean L\u00e9vi, Confucius, Entretiens, 2019)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>One may not yield the performance of virtue even to his teacher. (James Legge)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What do they mean by \"being Good\"?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Master said, \"A determined officer who has \u4ec1 will not seek to live if it undermines \u4ec1. He will sacrifice his life to fulfil \u4ec1.\" \u5b50\u66f0\uff1a\u300c\u5fd7\u58eb\u4ec1\u4eba\uff0c\u7121\u6c42\u751f\u4ee5\u5bb3\u4ec1\uff0c\u6709\u6bba\u8eab\u4ee5\u6210\u4ec1\u3002\u300d (\u885b\u9748\u516c 15.9)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>a perfect man? \"If you think about what is right when faced with a benefit, if you sacrifice your life when faced with a critical situation, and if you do not forget old promises, you can be called a perfect man.\"&nbsp; \u898b\u5229\u601d\u7fa9\uff0c\u898b\u5371\u6388\u547d\uff0c\u4e45\u8981\u4e0d\u5fd8\u5e73\u751f\u4e4b\u8a00\uff0c\u4ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u70ba\u6210\u4eba\u77e3\u3002\u300d(14.12, also see 19.1 \u898b\u5371\u81f4\u547d)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Abide by the good Way even at the cost of your own life. (\u5b88\u6b7b\u5584\u9053) (8.13)<br><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>4. The Master rarely spoke of ethical integrity...<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Master rarely spoke of benefit, destiny or ethical integrity. \u5b50\u7f55\u8a00\u5229\u8207\u547d\u8207\u4ec1 (\u5b50\u7f55 9.1) <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4ec1 appears 109 times in Lunyu. \u4eba appears 219 times. \u4ec1\u8005\u4eba\u4e5f (\u4e2d\u5eb8, 20; \u6625\u79cb\u7e41\u9732, \u4ec1\u7fa9\u6cd5 1; \u5b54\u5b50\u5bb6\u8a9e, \u54c0\u516c\u554f\u653f 1)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Meng Wu Bo asked whether Zi Lu (\u7531) was a man of ethical integrity. The Master said, \u2018I don\u2019t know.\u2019 He asked again. The Master said, \u2018<em>You<\/em> (\u7531) could control the army in a country of thousand chariots. But I don\u2019t know about his ethical integrity.\u2019 \u2018What about Qiu (\u6c42)?\u2019 The Master said, \u2018Qiu could serve as an administrator in a town of thousand houses or in a household of hundred chariots. But I don\u2019t know about his ethical integrity.\u2019 \u2018What about Chi (\u8d64)?\u2019 The Master said, \u2018Chi could, donning himself with a robe, be in attendence in court and entertain guests. But I don\u2019t know about his ethical integrity.\u2019 <br>\u5b5f\u6b66\u4f2f\u554f\uff1a\u300c\u5b50\u8def\u4ec1\u4e4e\uff1f\u300d\u5b50\u66f0\uff1a\u300c\u4e0d\u77e5\u4e5f\u3002\u300d\u53c8\u554f\u3002\u5b50\u66f0\uff1a\u300c\u7531\u4e5f\uff0c\u5343\u4e58\u4e4b\u570b\uff0c\u53ef\u4f7f\u6cbb\u5176\u8ce6(\uc138\uae08)\u4e5f\uff0c\u4e0d\u77e5\u5176\u4ec1\u4e5f\u3002\u300d \u300c\u6c42\u4e5f\u4f55\u5982\uff1f\u300d\u5b50\u66f0\uff1a\u300c\u6c42\u4e5f\uff0c\u5343\u5ba4\u4e4b\u9091\uff0c\u767e\u4e58\u4e4b\u5bb6\uff0c\u53ef\u4f7f\u70ba\u4e4b\u5bb0\u4e5f\uff0c\u4e0d\u77e5\u5176\u4ec1\u4e5f\u3002\u300d \u300c\u8d64\u4e5f\u4f55\u5982\uff1f\u300d\u5b50\u66f0\uff1a\u300c\u8d64\u4e5f\uff0c\u675f\u5e36\u7acb\u65bc\u671d\uff0c\u53ef\u4f7f\u8207\u8cd3\u5ba2\u8a00\u4e5f\uff0c\u4e0d\u77e5\u5176\u4ec1\u4e5f\u3002\u300d (\u516c\u51b6\u9577, 5.8)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Zi Zhang asked, \u2018Governor Zi Wen had the governor\u2019s post three times. But he did not appear to be pleased. He lost the post three time. But he did not appear to be displeased. He informed the details of his administration to his successors. How\u2019s that?\u2019 The Master said, \u2018He is loyal.\u2019 \u2018Was he a man of ethical integrity?\u2019 asked Zi Zhang. The Master said, \u2018I don\u2019t know. Was he?\u2019 \u2018Lord Zui assasinated the prince of Qi. Chen Wen had enough horses to equip ten chariots. He abandoned them and left. He arrived in another country. But he said, \u201cYou guys are all like Lord Zui of my country.\u201d And he left. He went to another country. But he again said, \u201cYou guys are all like Lord Zui of my country.\u201d And he left. How\u2019s that?\u2019 asked Zi Zhang. The Master said, \u2018He is clean.\u2019 \u2018Was he a man of ethical integrity?\u2019 asked Zi Zhang. The Master said, \u2018I don\u2019t know. Was he?\u2019 \u5b50\u5f35\u554f\u66f0\uff1a\u300c\u4ee4\u5c39\u5b50\u6587\u4e09\u4ed5\u70ba\u4ee4\u5c39\uff0c\u7121\u559c\u8272\uff1b\u4e09\u5df2\u4e4b\uff0c\u7121\u614d\u8272\u3002\u820a\u4ee4\u5c39\u4e4b\u653f\uff0c\u5fc5\u4ee5\u544a\u65b0\u4ee4\u5c39\u3002\u4f55\u5982\uff1f\u300d\u5b50\u66f0\uff1a\u300c\u5fe0\u77e3\u3002\u300d\u66f0\uff1a\u300c\u4ec1\u77e3\u4e4e\uff1f\u300d\u66f0\uff1a\u300c\u672a\u77e5\uff0c\u7109\u5f97\u4ec1\uff1f\u300d\u300c\u5d14\u5b50\u5f12\u9f4a\u541b\uff0c\u9673\u6587\u5b50\u6709\u99ac\u5341\u4e58\uff0c\u68c4\u800c\u9055\u4e4b\u3002\u81f3\u65bc\u4ed6\u90a6\uff0c\u5247\u66f0\uff1a\u300e\u7336\u543e\u5927\u592b\u5d14\u5b50\u4e5f\u3002\u300f\u9055\u4e4b\u3002\u4e4b\u4e00\u90a6\uff0c\u5247\u53c8\u66f0\uff1a\u300e\u7336\u543e\u5927\u592b\u5d14\u5b50\u4e5f\u3002\u300f\u9055\u4e4b\u3002\u4f55\u5982\uff1f\u300d\u5b50\u66f0\uff1a\u300c\u6e05\u77e3\u3002\u300d\u66f0\uff1a\u300c\u4ec1\u77e3\u4e4e\uff1f\u300d\u66f0\uff1a\u300c\u672a\u77e5\u3002\u7109\u5f97\u4ec1\uff1f\u300d (\u516c\u51b6\u9577, 5.19)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Someone said, \u2018Yong is a man of ethical integrity; he does not have a silky tongue.\u2019 The Master said, \u2018What is the point of having a silky tongue? If you manipulate people with smooth talk, you will end up being hated. I do not know about Yong\u2019s ethical integrity, but what is the point of having a silky tongue?\u2019 \u6216\u66f0\uff1a\u300c\u96cd\u4e5f\uff0c\u4ec1\u800c\u4e0d\u4f5e(\uc601)\u3002\u300d\u5b50\u66f0\uff1a\u300c\u7109\u7528\u4f5e\uff1f\u79a6\u4eba\u4ee5\u53e3\u7d66\uff0c\u5c62\u618e\u65bc\u4eba\u3002\u4e0d\u77e5\u5176\u4ec1\uff0c\u7109\u7528\u4f5e\uff1f\u300d (\u516c\u51b6\u9577, 5.5)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Xian asked \u2018If one refrains from love of superiority, boasting, having resentments or covetousness, can we call it integrity? The Master said, \u2018That would be achieving something which is difficult to achieve. But I do not know whether that is ethical integrity.\u2019 \u61b2\u554f ...\u300c\u514b(\uc2b9\ubcbd)\u3001\u4f10(\uc790\ub791\ud558\ub2e4; \u77dc)\u3001\u6028\u3001\u6b32 \u4e0d\u884c\u7109\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u70ba\u4ec1\u77e3\uff1f\u300d\u5b50\u66f0\uff1a\u300c\u53ef\u4ee5\u70ba\u96e3\u77e3\uff0c\u4ec1\u5247\u543e\u4e0d\u77e5\u4e5f\u3002\u300d (\u61b2\u554f, 14.1)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. Easy explanation<br><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Fan Chi asked \u2026 about ethical integrity. The Master said, \u2018A man of ethical integrity would tackle the difficult things first and leave the spoils to be considered afterwards. You can call it ethical integrity.\u2019 \u6a0a\u9072 \u2026 \u554f\u4ec1\u3002\u66f0\uff1a\u300c\u4ec1\u8005\u5148\u96e3\u800c\u5f8c\u7372\uff0c\u53ef\u8b02\u4ec1\u77e3\u3002\u300d (\u96cd\u4e5f, 6.22)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Fan Chi asked about ethical integrity. The Master said, \u2018Be polite at home. Be respectful when you do things. Be loyal in your dealings with others. Even if you find yourself among barbarians, you should not forget about these.\u2019 \u6a0a\u9072\u554f\u4ec1\u3002\u5b50\u66f0\uff1a\u300c\u5c45\u8655\u606d\uff0c\u57f7\u4e8b\u656c\uff0c\u8207\u4eba\u5fe0\u3002\u96d6\u4e4b\u5937\u72c4\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u68c4\u4e5f\u3002\u300d (\u5b50\u8def, 13.19)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Fan Chi asked about ethical integrity. The Master said, \u2018It means to love people\u2019. He asked about knowledge. The Master said, \u2018It means to know people\u2019. Fan Chi didn\u2019t get it. \u6a0a\u9072\u554f\u4ec1\u3002\u5b50\u66f0\uff1a\u300c\u611b\u4eba\u3002\u300d \u554f\u77e5\u3002\u5b50\u66f0\uff1a\u300c\u77e5\u4eba\u3002\u300d \u6a0a\u9072\u672a\u9054 (\u984f\u6df5, 12.22)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Zi Gong said, \u2018How about broadly looking after people and bringing all living beings to their fulfilment? Can it be called ethical integrity?\u2019 The Master said, \u2018How can it merely be ethical integrity? It must be Sainthood! Even Yao and Shun fell short of this. Ethical integrity means no more than this: As I want to stand so I help others to stand too; as I want to succeed so I help others to succeed too. Being able to derive lessons from what is near and to apply them to more remote situations; this can be called the method of practising ethical integity.\u2019 \u5b50\u8ca2\u66f0\uff1a\u300c\u5982\u6709\u535a\u65bd\u65bc\u6c11\u800c\u80fd\u6fdf\u773e\uff0c\u4f55\u5982\uff1f\u53ef\u8b02\u4ec1\u4e4e\uff1f\u300d\u5b50\u66f0\uff1a\u300c\u4f55\u4e8b\u65bc\u4ec1\uff0c\u5fc5\u4e5f\u8056\u4e4e\uff01\u582f\u821c\u5176\u7336\u75c5\u8af8\uff01\u592b\u4ec1\u8005\uff0c\u5df1\u6b32\u7acb\u800c\u7acb\u4eba\uff0c\u5df1\u6b32\u9054\u800c\u9054\u4eba\u3002\u80fd\u8fd1\u53d6\u8b6c\uff0c\u53ef\u8b02\u4ec1\u4e4b\u65b9\u4e5f\u5df2\u3002\u300d (\u96cd\u4e5f, 6.30)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Zi Gong was in the habit of comparing people. The Master said, \"Ci must be winning, eh? I have no time for this.\" \u5b50\u8ca2\u65b9\u4eba\u3002\u5b50\u66f0\uff1a\u300c\u8cdc\u4e5f\u8ce2\u4e4e\u54c9\uff1f\u592b\u6211\u5247\u4e0d\u6687\u3002\u300d (\u61b2\u554f, 14.29)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Zi Zhang asked Confucius about ethical integrity. Confucius said, \"If you can actually do five things wherever you go in the whole world, that can be ethical integrity.\" Zi Zhang inquired further. The Master said, \"Politeness, forbearance, trustworthiness, diligence and liberality. If you are polite you won't be be treated with disrespect. If you are tolerant, you will win many people's heart. If you are trustworthy, people will entrust you with a task. If you are diligent, you will achieve a lot. If you are generous, people will work for you.\" \u5b50\u5f35\u554f\u4ec1\u65bc\u5b54\u5b50\u3002\u5b54\u5b50\u66f0\uff1a\u300c\u80fd\u884c\u4e94\u8005\u65bc\u5929\u4e0b\uff0c\u70ba\u4ec1\u77e3\u3002\u300d\u8acb\u554f\u4e4b\u3002\u66f0\uff1a\u300c\u606d\u3001\u5bec\u3001\u4fe1\u3001\u654f\u3001\u60e0\u3002\u606d\u5247\u4e0d\u4fae\uff0c\u5bec\u5247\u5f97\u773e\uff0c\u4fe1\u5247\u4eba\u4efb\u7109\uff0c\u654f\u5247\u6709\u529f\uff0c\u60e0\u5247\u8db3\u4ee5\u4f7f\u4eba\u3002\u300d (\u967d\u8ca8, 17.6)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Chai (Zi Gao) is stupid. Shen (Zeng Zi) is dull and pompous. Shi (Zi Zhang) is specious. You (Zi Lu) is rough and tough. \u67f4\u4e5f\u611a\uff0c\u53c3\u4e5f\u9b6f\uff0c\u5e2b\u4e5f\u8f9f\uff0c\u7531\u4e5f\u55ad\u3002(\u5148\u9032 11.18)<br><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. Don't flee!<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Master said, \u2018Wealth and high position are what people desire. But if you did not get them through the proper Way, do not dwell there. Poverty and low position are what people loathe. But if become poor and and be removed from your position not through the proper Way, do not flee. If a noble man abandons ethical integrity, loathsome indeed is his reputation as a noble man! A noble man does not go against ethical integrity even while eating. Even in extreme haste, even in extreme peril, he will always abide by ethical integrity.\u2019 \u5b50\u66f0\uff1a\u300c\u5bcc\u8207\u8cb4\u662f\u4eba\u4e4b\u6240\u6b32\u4e5f\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ee5\u5176\u9053\u5f97\u4e4b\uff0c\u4e0d\u8655\u4e5f\uff1b\u8ca7\u8207\u8ce4\u662f\u4eba\u4e4b\u6240\u60e1\u4e5f\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ee5\u5176\u9053\u5f97\u4e4b\uff0c\u4e0d\u53bb\u4e5f\u3002\u541b\u5b50\u53bb\u4ec1\uff0c\u60e1\u4e4e\u6210\u540d\uff1f\u541b\u5b50\u7121\u7d42\u98df\u4e4b\u9593\u9055\u4ec1\uff0c\u9020\u6b21(extreme haste)\u5fc5\u65bc\u662f\uff0c\u985b\u6c9b(extreme peril)\u5fc5\u65bc\u662f\u3002\u300d (\u91cc\u4ec1, 4.5)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>7. Don't seek reward!<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Zi Gong said, \u2018Bo Yi and Shu Qi, what kind of men were they?\u2019 The Master said, \u2018They were superior men of the olden days.\u2019 \u2018Did they not have grievances?\u2019 said Zi Gong. The Master said, \u2018They sought after ethical integrity and they got it. What grievance, then?\u2019 \u5b50\u8ca2\u66f0\uff1a\u300c\u4f2f\u5937\u3001\u53d4\u9f4a\u4f55\u4eba\u4e5f\uff1f\u300d\u66f0\uff1a\u300c\u53e4\u4e4b\u8ce2\u4eba\u4e5f\u3002\u300d\u66f0\uff1a\u300c\u6028\u4e4e\uff1f\u300d\u66f0\uff1a\u300c\u6c42\u4ec1\u800c\u5f97\u4ec1\uff0c\u53c8\u4f55\u6028\u3002\u300d (\u8ff0\u800c, 7.15)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Master said, \u2018Is ethical integrity far from you? If you want it, you will have it.\u2019 \u5b50\u66f0\uff1a\u300c\u4ec1\u9060\u4e4e\u54c9\uff1f\u6211\u6b32\u4ec1\uff0c\u65af\u4ec1\u81f3\u77e3\u3002\u300d (\u8ff0\u800c, 7.30)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>8. Don\u2019t be a prick!<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Master said, \u2018If you cherish courage and hate poverty, you become disruptive. If you hate very much a person lacking in ethical integrity, you become disruptive.\u2019 \u5b50\u66f0\uff1a\u300c\u597d\u52c7\u75be\u8ca7\uff0c\u4e82\u4e5f\u3002\u4eba\u800c\u4e0d\u4ec1\uff0c\u75be\u4e4b\u5df2(\uc774)\u751a\uff0c\u4e82\u4e5f\u3002\u300d (\u6cf0\u4f2f, 8.10)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>I have not seen a man who cherishes ethical integrity and yet loathes a person lacking in ethical integrity. A man who cherishes ethical integrity does not make a fuss about it. He who loathes a person lacking in ethical integrity is making a virtue of his own loathing. Do not use a person lacking in ethical integrity to aggrandize yourself. \u6211\u672a\u898b\u597d\u4ec1\u8005\uff0c\u60e1\u4e0d\u4ec1\u8005\u3002\u597d\u4ec1\u8005\uff0c\u7121\u4ee5\u5c1a\u4e4b\uff1b\u60e1\u4e0d\u4ec1\u8005\uff0c\u5176\u70ba\u4ec1\u77e3\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f7f\u4e0d\u4ec1\u8005\u52a0\u4e4e\u5176\u8eab\u3002(\u91cc\u4ec1, 4.6)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Si Ma Niu asked about ethical integrity. The Master said, \u2018The man of ethical integrity does not say much.\u2019 Si Ma Niu said, \u2018Does not say much! Is this ethical integrity?\u2019 The Master said, \u2018To practice what you say is difficult enough. Should you not be cautious in what you say?\u2019 \u53f8\u99ac\u725b\u554f\u4ec1\u3002\u5b50\u66f0\uff1a\u300c\u4ec1\u8005\u5176\u8a00\u4e5f\u8a12(\uc778)\u3002\u300d\u66f0\uff1a\u300c\u5176\u8a00\u4e5f\u8a12\uff0c\u65af\u8b02\u4e4b\u4ec1\u5df2\u4e4e\uff1f\u300d\u5b50\u66f0\uff1a\u300c\u70ba\u4e4b\u96e3\uff0c\u8a00\u4e4b\u5f97\u7121\u8a12\u4e4e\uff1f\u300d (\u984f\u6df5, 12.3)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">9. The joy of living with ethical integrity<br><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>The Master said, \"The joy of a wise person is like water. The joy of a person who has ethical integrity is like a mountain. A wise person is dynamic. A person of inegrity is serene. A wise person will have a delightful life. A person of integrity will live long.\"<br>\u5b50\u66f0\uff1a\u300c\u77e5\u8005\u6a02\u6c34\uff0c\u4ec1\u8005\u6a02\u5c71\uff1b\u77e5\u8005\u52d5\uff0c\u4ec1\u8005\u975c\uff1b\u77e5\u8005\u6a02\uff0c\u4ec1\u8005\u58fd\u3002\u300d(\u96cd\u4e5f, 6.23)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><br>\u9053\u5fb7\u7d93 33, \u6b7b\u800c\u4e0d\u4ea1\u8005\u58fd<br><\/p>\n<div class=\"pdfprnt-buttons pdfprnt-buttons-post pdfprnt-bottom-left\"><a href=\"https:\/\/lawlec.korea.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F1676&print=pdf\" class=\"pdfprnt-button pdfprnt-button-pdf\" target=\"_blank\" ><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/lawlec.korea.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F1676&print=print\" class=\"pdfprnt-button pdfprnt-button-print\" target=\"_blank\" ><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lawlec.korea.ac.kr\/wp-content\/plugins\/pdf-print\/images\/print.png\" alt=\"image_print\" title=\"Print Content\" \/><\/a><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ren (\u4ec1) and li (\u79ae) 1. Ren (\u4ec1) and beauty (\u7f8e) There is no one whose ren (\u4ec1) is as beautiful as him (\u7f8e\u4e14\u4ec1), There is no one whose drinking manners are as beautiful as him (\u7f8e\u4e14\u597d), There is no one whose horse riding stance is as beautiful as him (\u7f8e\u4e14\u6b66) -- (\u8a69\u7d93, \u912d\u98a8, \u53d4\u4e8e\u7530) <a href=\"https:\/\/lawlec.korea.ac.kr\/?p=1676\" class=\"more-link\">...continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> \"\u201cRen (\u4ec1)\u201d: ethical integrity\"<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-1676","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-aclp","7":"h-entry","8":"hentry","9":"h-as-article"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lawlec.korea.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1676","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lawlec.korea.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lawlec.korea.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lawlec.korea.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lawlec.korea.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1676"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/lawlec.korea.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1676\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4181,"href":"https:\/\/lawlec.korea.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1676\/revisions\/4181"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lawlec.korea.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1676"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lawlec.korea.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1676"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lawlec.korea.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1676"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}