{"id":1465,"date":"2014-03-11T19:38:07","date_gmt":"2014-03-11T10:38:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/lawlec.korea.ac.kr\/?p=1465"},"modified":"2025-10-15T02:05:10","modified_gmt":"2025-10-15T02:05:10","slug":"xue-what-is-it","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lawlec.korea.ac.kr\/?p=1465","title":{"rendered":"To learn (\u5b78 xue)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. What to learn?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Master taught us through his erudition, his conduct, his loyalty and his trustworthiness.<br><br>\u5b50\u4ee5\u56db\u6559\uff1a\u6587\uff0c\u884c\uff0c\u5fe0\uff0c\u4fe1\u3002(7.25)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Confucius taught his disciples using poems, documents, li and music. His students were about 3000. 72 of them were accomplished in 6 arts (\u516d\u85dd).<br><br>\u5b54\u5b50\u4ee5\u8a69\u66f8\u79ae\u6a02\u6559\uff0c\u5f1f\u5b50\u84cb\u4e09\u5343\u7109\uff0c\u8eab\u901a\u516d\u85dd\u8005\u4e03\u5341\u6709\u4e8c\u4eba (Sima Qian, Shiji,&nbsp;<span lang=\"zh-CN\">\u5b54\u5b50\u4e16\u5bb6&nbsp;<\/span>62) (Sima Qian: c. 145 - c. 86 BCE)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span lang=\"zh-CN\">\u516d\u85dd = \u8a69<\/span>,&nbsp;<span lang=\"zh-CN\">\u66f8<\/span>,&nbsp;<span lang=\"zh-CN\">\u79ae<\/span>,&nbsp;<span lang=\"zh-CN\">\u6a02<\/span>,&nbsp;<span lang=\"zh-CN\">\u6613<\/span>,&nbsp;<span lang=\"zh-CN\">\u6625\u79cb (Dong Zhong Shu, \u6625\u79cb\u7e41\u9732<\/span>,&nbsp;<span lang=\"zh-CN\">\u7389\u676f&nbsp;<\/span>5) (Dong Zhong Shu: 179 - 104 BCE)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6559\u4ee5\u516d\u85dd\uff0c\u66f0 \u79ae, \u6a02, \u5c04, \u5fa1, \u66f8, \u6578 (<span lang=\"ko-KR\">\u5f90\u5e79 \u4e2d\u8ad6<\/span>,&nbsp;<span lang=\"ko-KR\">\u300a\u6cbb\u5b78\u300b&nbsp;<\/span>1) (Xu Gan: 170 - 217)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A villager of Da Xiang (\u9054\u5df7) said, \"Great, isn't he? Confucius. With his vast learning, he did not manage to make a name of himself.\" The Master heard this and told his students, \"What shall I try? Shall I try carriage driving? Or shall I try shooting? I think I will try carriage driving.\" \u9054\u5df7\u9ee8\u4eba\u66f0\uff1a\u300c\u5927\u54c9\u5b54\u5b50\uff01\u535a\u5b78\u800c\u7121\u6240\u6210\u540d\u3002\u300d\u5b50\u805e\u4e4b\uff0c\u8b02\u9580\u5f1f\u5b50\u66f0\uff1a\u300c\u543e\u4f55\u57f7\uff1f\u57f7\u5fa1\u4e4e\uff1f\u57f7\u5c04\u4e4e\uff1f\u543e\u57f7\u5fa1\u77e3\u3002\u300d(9.2)<br><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Master said, \"When you are at home, serve your parents. Outside the family, treat everyone with brotherly love. Be earnest and trustworthy. Comprehensively love all living beings but closeness should be based on ethical integrity. Conduct should come first. Then, read books (\u5b78\u6587) when you have energy to spare.\"<br>\u5b50\u66f0\uff1a\u300c\u5f1f\u5b50\u5165\u5247\u5b5d\uff0c\u51fa\u5247\u5f1f\uff0c\u8b39\u800c\u4fe1\uff0c\u6c4e\u611b\u773e\uff0c\u800c\u89aa\u4ec1\u3002\u884c\u6709\u9918\u529b\uff0c\u5247\u4ee5\u5b78\u6587\u3002\u300d(1.6)<br><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5b78 v. \u5b78\u6587 v. \u5b78\u554f<br><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Master had wonderful things to say about the Poems, the Documents and ceremonial protocols. Such wonderful things he had to say. \u5b50\u6240\u96c5\u8a00\uff0c\u8a69\u3001\u66f8\u3001\u57f7\u79ae\uff0c\u7686\u96c5\u8a00\u4e5f\u3002(7.18)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Master said, \"There are people who can recite all three hundred poems out of memory. But when they are entrusted with governing, they cannot manage. When they are sent on diplomatic missions, they cannot cope on their own. Numerous as they may be, they are all useless. \u5b50\u66f0\uff1a\u300c\u8aa6\u8a69\u4e09\u767e\uff0c\u6388\u4e4b\u4ee5\u653f\uff0c\u4e0d\u9054\uff1b\u4f7f\u65bc\u56db\u65b9\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u5c08\u5c0d\uff1b\u96d6\u591a\uff0c\u4ea6\u595a\u4ee5\u70ba\uff1f\u300d(13.5)<br><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Zi Xia said, \"If you overcome talents, remove desires, serve your parents with all your might, serve your boss with devotion, abide by your words when socialising with friends, who can say that you haven\u2019t learned? I will certainly say that you have learned.\" \u5b50\u590f\u66f0\uff1a\u300c\u8ce2\u8ce2\u6613\u8272\uff0c\u4e8b\u7236\u6bcd\u80fd\u7aed\u5176\u529b\uff0c\u4e8b\u541b\u80fd\u81f4\u5176\u8eab\uff0c\u8207\u670b\u53cb\u4ea4\u8a00\u800c\u6709\u4fe1\u3002\u96d6\u66f0\u672a\u5b78\uff0c\u543e\u5fc5\u8b02\u4e4b\u5b78\u77e3\u3002\u300d(1.7)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u8ce2=to win, to be victorious, to excel, to be better than.&nbsp;\u8ce2= talents, erudition\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5e2b\u8207\u5546\u4e5f\u5b70\u8ce2(11.15), \u70ba\u4e4b\u7336\u8ce2\u4e4e\u5df2(17.22), \u5b50\u8ca2\u8ce2\u65bc\u4ef2\u5c3c(19.23)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Master said, \"When you see excellent people, endeavour to align yourself with them. When you see people who lack talents, scrutinise yourself.&nbsp; \u5b50\u66f0\uff1a\u300c\u898b\u8ce2\u601d\u9f4a\u7109\uff0c\u898b\u4e0d\u8ce2\u800c\u5167\u81ea\u7701\u4e5f\u3002\u300d (\u91cc\u4ec1 4.17)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6613=to remove a dense thicket (\u6613\u8b02\u829f\u6cbb\u8349\u6728) \u8272 = desires, temptation<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ctext.org\/lunyu-zhushu\/xue-er#n92243\">\u4ee5\u597d\u8272\u4e4b\u5fc3\u597d\u8ce2\u5247\u5584<\/a>&nbsp; (2C - 3C commentary by He Yan \u4f55\u664f)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>I haven't seen a person who loves virtue as much as he loves a woman \u543e\u672a\u898b\u597d\u5fb7\u5982\u597d\u8272\u8005\u4e5f (9.17, 15.12)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u8ce2 (xian) is good, excellent, talented. But it is something one should overcome, should not be enslaved to. --> Zi Gong is in the habit of comparing people. The Master said, \"Ci must be excellent (\u8ce2), eh? I have no time for this.\" \u5b50\u8ca2\u65b9\u4eba\u3002\u5b50\u66f0\uff1a\u300c\u8cdc\u4e5f\u8ce2\u4e4e\u54c9\uff1f\u592b\u6211\u5247\u4e0d\u6687\u3002\u300d (\u61b2\u554f, 14.29)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. How to learn?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Master said, \"Perhaps there are people who say things they know nothing about. I don't do that. You should gather a lot of information (\u591a\u805e) and then choose the good things and follow them. You should experience a lot (\u591a\u898b) and you will understand. This is the way to knowledge.\"  \u5b50\u66f0\uff1a\u300c\u84cb\u6709\u4e0d\u77e5\u800c\u4f5c\u4e4b\u8005\uff0c\u6211\u7121\u662f\u4e5f\u3002\u591a\u805e\u64c7\u5176\u5584\u8005\u800c\u5f9e\u4e4b\uff0c\u591a\u898b\u800c\u8b58\u4e4b\uff0c\u77e5\u4e4b\u6b21\u4e5f\u3002\u300d(7.28)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Zi Zhang learned in order to seek an employment. The Master said, \"Study a lot (\u591a\u805e) and eliminate doubtful information. If you cautiously say things which are not doubtful, you will make few mistakes. Experience a lot (\u591a\u898b) and eliminate the risks. If you cautiously do things which are not risky, you will have few regrets. When you make few mistakes in your speech and when you have few regrets in your conduct, an employment will come your way as a consequence.\" \u5b50\u5f35\u5b78\u5e72\u797f\u3002\u5b50\u66f0\uff1a\u300c\u591a\u805e\u95d5\u7591\uff0c\u614e\u8a00\u5176\u9918\uff0c\u5247\u5be1\u5c24\uff1b\u591a\u898b\u95d5\u6b86\uff0c\u614e\u884c\u5176\u9918\uff0c\u5247\u5be1\u6094\u3002\u8a00\u5be1\u5c24\uff0c\u884c\u5be1\u6094\uff0c\u797f\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u77e3\u3002\u300d(2.18)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Master said, \"Learning without thinking leads to false knowledge. Thinking without learning is dangerous.\" \u5b50\u66f0\uff1a\u300c\u5b78\u800c\u4e0d\u601d\u5247\u7f54\uff0c\u601d\u800c\u4e0d\u5b78\u5247\u6b86\u3002\u300d(2.15)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Zi Xia said, \"In order to excel in your task, you must learn. In order to excel in your learning, you must be entrusted with a task.\" \u5b50\u590f\u66f0\uff1a\u300c\u4ed5\u800c\u512a\u5247\u5b78\uff0c\u5b78\u800c\u512a\u5247\u4ed5\u3002\u300d(19.13)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Fond of learning?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Master said, \"A noble man will eat but not seek to bloat out. He will have a dwelling but not seek comfort. He will be forthcoming in his conduct but cautious with his words. He will proceed along the Way and be upright. Such a man can be regarded as fond of learning.\" \u5b50\u66f0\uff1a\u300c\u541b\u5b50\u98df\u7121\u6c42\u98fd\uff0c\u5c45\u7121\u6c42\u5b89\uff0c\u654f\u65bc\u4e8b\u800c\u614e\u65bc\u8a00\uff0c\u5c31\u6709\u9053\u800c\u6b63\u7109\uff0c\u53ef\u8b02\u597d\u5b78\u4e5f\u5df2\u3002\u300d(1.14)<br><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Duke Ai (\u54c0) asked, \"Among your students, who is fond of learning?\" Confucius replied, \"A man called Yan Hui was fond of learning. He was unwavering in his wrath. He did not repeat the same mistake twice. Unfortunately, he died early. Now there is none. I have not since heard of a man who is fond of learning.\" \u54c0\u516c\u554f\uff1a\u300c\u5f1f\u5b50\u5b70\u70ba\u597d\u5b78\uff1f\u300d\u5b54\u5b50\u5c0d\u66f0\uff1a\u300c\u6709\u984f\u56de\u8005\u597d\u5b78\uff0c\u4e0d\u9077\u6012\uff0c\u4e0d\u8cb3\u904e\u3002\u4e0d\u5e78\u77ed\u547d\u6b7b\u77e3\uff01\u4eca\u4e5f\u5247\u4ea1\uff0c\u672a\u805e\u597d\u5b78\u8005\u4e5f\u3002\u300d(6.3) (11.7)<br><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Master said, \"Without a heart seething with rage, you won't understand. Without gnashing your teeth, you won't develop yourself further. When I raise one corner and if you don't respond by raising the remaining three corners, I won't repeat again.\" \u5b50\u66f0\uff1a\u300c\u4e0d\u61a4\u4e0d\u555f\uff0c\u4e0d\u60b1\u4e0d\u767c\uff0c\u8209\u4e00\u9685\u4e0d\u4ee5\u4e09\u9685\u53cd\uff0c\u5247\u4e0d\u5fa9\u4e5f\u3002\u300d(7.8)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Duke of She (\u8449) asked Zi Lu about Confucius. Zi Lu ignored him. The Master said, \"Why didn't you say that he is the kind of man who would forget about eating when he is outraged, forget his worries when he is happy and he does not know that old age will eventually get to him.\" \u8449\u516c\u554f\u5b54\u5b50\u65bc\u5b50\u8def\uff0c\u5b50\u8def\u4e0d\u5c0d\u3002\u5b50\u66f0\uff1a\u300c\u5973\u595a\u4e0d\u66f0\uff0c\u5176\u70ba\u4eba\u4e5f\uff0c\u767c\u61a4\u5fd8\u98df\uff0c\u6a02\u4ee5\u5fd8\u6182\uff0c\u4e0d\u77e5\u8001\u4e4b\u5c07\u81f3\u4e91\u723e\u3002\u300d(7.18)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Learning will remove narrow-mindedness. The most important thing is to be loyal and trustworthy. Do not befriend those who are not as good as you. If you discover a fault, do not hesitate to mend it.\" \u5b78\u5247\u4e0d\u56fa\u3002\u4e3b\u5fe0\u4fe1\uff0c\u7121\u53cb\u4e0d\u5982\u5df1\u8005\uff0c\u904e\u5247\u52ff\u619a\u6539\u3002(1.8)(9.25)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Zi Xia said, \"If you constantly realise what you lack and do not forget what you are capable of, you deserve to be called someone who loves to learn.\" \u5b50\u590f\u66f0\uff1a\u300c\u65e5\u77e5\u5176\u6240\u4ea1\uff0c\u6708\u7121\u5fd8\u5176\u6240\u80fd\uff0c\u53ef\u8b02\u597d\u5b78\u4e5f\u5df2\u77e3\u3002\u300d(19.5)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. \u5b78\u800c\u6642\u7fd2\u4e4b\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ea6\u8aaa\u4e4e\uff1f(\u5b78\u800c, 1.1)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Master said, \u2018To learn and to put it into practice at the right moment; isn\u2019t it wonderful!\u2019<br>\u5b50\u66f0\uff1a\u5b78\u800c\u6642\u7fd2\u4e4b\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ea6\u8aaa\u4e4e\uff1f(\u5b78\u800c, 1.1)<br><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u2018Taming\u2019 of Confucian Analect:&nbsp;<\/strong>Zhu Xi, Commentaries to four books. \u2018While human nature is good in every instance, some reaches enlightment earlier than others. The slow learners must learn from the fast learners. What you have already learned must be frequently be revised (\u6642\u6642\u7fd2). As you fully understand what you have learned, the pleasure can be found there. \u2026 Cheng Zi said, \u2018Xi means \u2018to revise again (\u91cd\u7fd2)\u2019. If you often rethink and discern the different meanings, you will immerse yourself in it. There lies the joy.\u2019&nbsp; ... Mr Xie said, \"\u6642\u7fd2\" means there is not a moment when you do not practise (\u7121\u6642\u800c\u4e0d\u7fd2). <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u6731\u559c<\/span>(1130-1200) \u56db\u66f8\u7ae0\u53e5\u96c6\u6ce8: \u4eba\u6027\u7686\u5584\uff0c\u800c\u89ba\u6709\u5148\u5f8c\uff0c\u5f8c\u89ba\u8005\u5fc5\u6548\u5148\u89ba\u4e4b\u6240\u70ba \u2026 \u65e2\u5b78\u800c\u53c8\u6642\u6642\u7fd2\u4e4b\uff0c\u5247\u6240\u5b78\u8005\u719f\uff0c\u800c\u4e2d\u5fc3\u559c\u8aaa. \u2026 \u7a0b\u5b50(1033-1107; \ubd81\uc1a1\uc2dc\ub300)\u66f0 \u300c\u7fd2\uff0c\u91cd\u7fd2\u4e5f\u3002\u6642\u5fa9\u601d\u7e79\uff0c\u6d79\u6d3d(\ud611\ud761)\u65bc\u4e2d\uff0c\u5247\u8aaa\u4e5f\u3002\u300d... \u8b1d\u6c0f\u66f0\uff1a\u300c\u6642\u7fd2\u8005\uff0c\u7121\u6642\u800c\u4e0d\u7fd2<br><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Xun Zi: Where does learning start and where does it end? Learning starts with reciting canonical texts out of memory and ends with reading books on Li. (\u8340\u5b50, \u52f8\u5b78 12) (Xun Zi: 310 - 235 BCE)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u6642 = at the right time<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>mobilise people at the right moment \u4f7f\u6c11\u4ee5\u6642 (1.5)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pheasants in the mountain bridge! It is the right time, It is the right time! \u5c71\u6881\u96cc\u96c9 \u6642\u54c9\u6642\u54c9 (10.18)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>As he spoke only when it is the right time to speak, people did not hate his speech (\u592b\u5b50\u6642\u7136\u5f8c\u8a00\uff0c\u4eba\u4e0d\u53ad\u5176\u8a00) (14.13)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Use the calendar of Xia (\u590f) dynasty \u884c\u590f\u4e4b\u6642 (15.11)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>When you are still young, as your physical energy is unsettled, you should watch out for physical attractions \u5c11\u4e4b\u6642\uff0c\u8840\u6c23\u672a\u5b9a\uff0c\u6212\u4e4b\u5728\u8272 (16.7)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Confucius chose the moment when he is not around to come and express hit gratitude. \u5b54\u5b50\u6642\u5176\u4ea1\u4e5f\uff0c\u800c\u5f80\u62dc\u4e4b (17.1)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>If you love to offer your service and yet miss the right timing repeatedly, can you be regarded as intelligent? \u597d\u5f9e\u4e8b\u800c\u4e9f\u5931\u6642\uff0c\u53ef\u8b02\u77e5\u4e4e (\u967d\u8ca817.1) (\u4e9f qi = many times)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Four seasons come and go, all creatures are born. But does Heaven speak? (\u56db\u6642\u884c\u7109\uff0c\u767e\u7269\u751f\u7109\uff0c\u5929\u4f55\u8a00\u54c9) (17.19)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>cf. <a class=\"popup\" href=\"https:\/\/ctext.org\/lunyu-zhushu\">\u8ad6\u8a9e\u6ce8\u758f<\/a> (quoting Li Ji, <a class=\"popup\" href=\"https:\/\/ctext.org\/liji\/wen-wang-shi-zi\">\u6587\u738b\u4e16\u5b50<\/a>) In Spring, you memorise the canonical texts, in Summer, you learn to play musical instruments, in Autumn, you learn the ritual protocols, and in Winter, you read books. \u300c\u6625\u8aa6\uff0c\u590f\u5f26\uff0c\u79cb\u5b78\u79ae\uff0c\u51ac\u8b80\u66f8\u3002\u300d (Also quoting Li Ji, <a class=\"popup\" href=\"https:\/\/ctext.org\/liji\/wang-zhi\">\u738b\u5236<\/a>) In Spring and Autumn, you teach the ritual protocols and music. In Winter and Summer, you teach the Poems and the Documents.&nbsp; \u6625\u79cb\u6559\u4ee5\u300a\u79ae\u300b\u300a\u6a02\u300b\uff0c\u51ac\u590f\u6559\u4ee5\u300a\u8a69\u300b\u300a\u66f8\u300b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u7fd2 = to put it into practice,<br><br><\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Master Zeng said, \"Every day, I scrutinise myself about three things \u2013 , whether I was loyal when I undertake other people\u2019s business; whether I was trustworthy in my dealings with friends; whether I put into practice what I teach.\" \u66fe\u5b50\u66f0\uff1a\u300c\u543e\u65e5\u4e09\u7701\u543e\u8eab\uff1a\u70ba\u4eba\u8b00\u800c\u4e0d\u5fe0\u4e4e\uff1f\u8207\u670b\u53cb\u4ea4\u800c\u4e0d\u4fe1\u4e4e\uff1f\u50b3\u4e0d\u7fd2\u4e4e\uff1f\u300d (1.4)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Master said, \"By nature, human beings tend to be similar. By actual practice, human beings tend to differ from each other.\" \u5b50\u66f0\uff1a\u300c\u6027\u76f8\u8fd1\u4e5f\uff0c\u7fd2\u76f8\u9060\u4e5f\u3002\u300d (\u967d\u8ca8, 17.2)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A noble man must be cautious in what he does. <span lang=\"ko-KR\">\u541b\u5b50\u614e\u6240\u7fd2<\/span> (\u5b54\u5b89\u570b 2C - 1C BCE)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span lang=\"ko-KR\">If you actually practice good deeds, you become a noble man. If you actually practice evil deeds, you become petty and lowly. This is how human beings become different from each other.&nbsp;<\/span> \u82e5\u7fd2\u65bc\u5584\u5247\u70ba\u541b\u5b50 \u82e5\u7fd2\u65bc\u60e1\u5247\u70ba\u5c0f\u4eba, <span lang=\"ko-KR\">\u662f\u76f8\u9060\u4e5f <\/span>(\u8ad6\u8a9e\u6ce8\u758f)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4e92\u9109\u96e3\u8207\u8a00 (7.29) (Zhu Xi's commemtary: \u4e92\u9109\uff0c\u9109\u540d\u3002\u5176\u4eba\u7fd2\u65bc\u4e0d\u5584\uff0c\u96e3\u8207\u8a00\u5584)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Through what we do, our nature becomes complete (\u7fd2\u8207\u6027\u6210), \u5c19\u66f8, \u592a\u7532\u4e0a 3<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u7fd2\u65bc\u79ae, \u7fd2\u5c04, \u7fd2\u821e, \u7fd2\u5439, \u7fd2\u4e94\u620e (\u79ae\u8a18)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u554f\u9053\u85dd\u66f0\uff1a\u300c\u5b50\u7fd2\u65bc\u67d0\u4e4e\uff1f\u300d\u3001\u300c\u5b50\u5584\u65bc\u67d0\u4e4e\uff1f\u300d(\u79ae\u8a18)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Your leisure activities should be decent, your occupation should be presentable. \u6240\u6e38\u5fc5\u6709\u5e38\uff0c\u6240\u7fd2\u5fc5\u6709\u696d (\u79ae\u8a18)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. \u4f55\u5fc5\u8b80\u66f8 (he bi du shu; Do I have to read books?)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Zi Lu had Zi Gao appointed governor of Fei. The Master said, \"You\u2019re ruining a son of a decent man.\" Zi Lu said, \"You need to look after people. You need to look after the alters of the earth and grains. Why must one read books before he can be considered to have learned?\" The Master said, \"This is why I hate silver tongue.\" \u5b50\u8def\u4f7f\u5b50\u7f94(\uc790\uace0)\u70ba\u8cbb\u5bb0\u3002\u5b50\u66f0\uff1a\u300c\u8cca\u592b\u4eba\u4e4b\u5b50\u3002\u300d\u5b50\u8def\u66f0\uff1a\u300c\u6709\u6c11\u4eba\u7109\uff0c\u6709\u793e\u7a37\u7109\u3002\u4f55\u5fc5\u8b80\u66f8\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u70ba\u5b78\uff1f\u300d\u5b50\u66f0\uff1a\u300c\u662f\u6545\u60e1\u592b\u4f5e\u8005\u3002\u300d (\u5148\u9032, 11.25)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>NB. Chai (= Zi Gao) is simple. Shen (= Zeng Zi) is dull and pompous. Shi (= Zi Zhang) is specious. You (= Zi Lu) is rough and tough. \u67f4\u4e5f\u611a\uff0c\u53c3\u4e5f\u9b6f\uff0c\u5e2b\u4e5f\u8f9f\uff0c\u7531\u4e5f\u55ad \u3002(\u5148\u9032, 11.18)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>6<\/strong><strong>. Can everyone learn? (Different capacity to learn)<br>\n<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Confucius said, \u2018Some people just understand. They are the top class. Those who learn and then understand are in the next class. Some people are dim and yet they learn. They are in the next class. Those who are dim and yet do not learn; they are in the lowest class.\u2019<br><br>\u5b54\u5b50\u66f0\uff1a\u300c\u751f\u800c\u77e5\u4e4b\u8005\uff0c\u4e0a\u4e5f\uff1b\u5b78\u800c\u77e5\u4e4b\u8005\uff0c\u6b21\u4e5f\uff1b\u56f0\u800c\u5b78\u4e4b\uff0c\u53c8\u5176\u6b21\u4e5f\uff1b\u56f0\u800c\u4e0d\u5b78\uff0c\u6c11\u65af\u70ba\u4e0b\u77e3\u3002\u300d (\u5b63\u6c0f, 16.9)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Master said, \"I am not a person who knows at birth. I just have an antiquarian interests and I diligently seek to learn.\" \u5b50\u66f0\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u975e\u751f\u800c\u77e5\u4e4b\u8005\uff0c\u597d\u53e4\uff0c\u654f\u4ee5\u6c42\u4e4b\u8005\u4e5f\u3002\u300d (\u8ff0\u800c, 7.20)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Some know from birth, some know after learning, some know with difficulty. But they know it all the same. Some practise with ease, some practise with benefit, some practice with great deal of effort. But they achieve it all the same.<br><br>\u6216\u751f\u800c\u77e5\u4e4b\uff0c\u6216\u5b78\u800c\u77e5\u4e4b\uff0c\u6216\u56f0\u800c\u77e5\u4e4b\uff0c\u53ca\u5176\u77e5\u4e4b\uff0c\u4e00\u4e5f\uff1b\u6216\u5b89\u800c\u884c\u4e4b\uff0c\u6216\u5229\u800c\u884c\u4e4b\uff0c\u6216\u52c9\u5f37\u800c\u884c\u4e4b\uff0c\u53ca\u5176\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u4e00\u4e5f\u3002\u300d(\u4e2d\u5eb8, 20)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>7. Do you need a teacher?<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Master said, \"Whenever I am in a company of three, I find a teacher. I follow the one who is good. And I reform myself by not following the one who is bad. \u5b50\u66f0\uff1a\u300c\u4e09\u4eba\u884c\uff0c\u5fc5\u6709\u6211\u5e2b\u7109\u3002\u64c7\u5176\u5584\u8005\u800c\u5f9e\u4e4b\uff0c\u5176\u4e0d\u5584\u8005\u800c\u6539\u4e4b\u3002\u300d(\u8ff0\u800c 7.22)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Gong Sun Zhao of Wei asked Zi Gong, \"From whom did Zhong Ni learn?\"&nbsp; Zi Gong replied, \"The way of King Wen and King Wu has not fallen to the ground and it now remains with the people. Talented ones have great knowledge. Those who lack talent have small knowledge. As the way of King Wen and King Wu is everywhere, how can the Master not learn? Why should there be a fixed teacher?\" \u885b\u516c\u5b6b\u671d\u554f\u65bc\u5b50\u8ca2\u66f0\uff1a\u300c\u4ef2\u5c3c\u7109\u5b78\uff1f\u300d\u5b50\u8ca2\u66f0\uff1a\u300c\u6587\u6b66\u4e4b\u9053\uff0c\u672a\u589c\u65bc\u5730\uff0c\u5728\u4eba\u3002\u8ce2\u8005\u8b58\u5176\u5927\u8005\uff0c\u4e0d\u8ce2\u8005\u8b58\u5176\u5c0f\u8005\uff0c\u83ab\u4e0d\u6709\u6587\u6b66\u4e4b\u9053\u7109\u3002\u592b\u5b50\u7109\u4e0d\u5b78\uff1f\u800c\u4ea6\u4f55\u5e38\u5e2b\u4e4b\u6709\uff1f\u300d(\u5b50\u5f35 19.22)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>8. Gradual advancement<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Zi Gong said, \"In poverty, yet not be abject; in affluence, yet not be arrogant. How\u2019s that?\" The Master said, \"Possible. But still, it is not as good as being poor yet in delight; being rich yet fond of Li.\" Zi Gong said, \"The Odes have it, 'Like a gem! Now quarried, now filed, now sculpted and now polished!' Is that what you mean?\" The Master said, \"Ci, Now we can talk poetry together! I tell you one thing and you understand the next.\" \u5b50\u8ca2\u66f0\uff1a\u300c\u8ca7\u800c\u7121\u8ac2\uff0c\u5bcc\u800c\u7121\u9a55\uff0c\u4f55\u5982\uff1f\u300d\u5b50\u66f0\uff1a\u300c\u53ef\u4e5f\u3002\u672a\u82e5\u8ca7\u800c\u6a02\uff0c\u5bcc\u800c\u597d\u79ae\u8005\u4e5f\u3002\u300d\u5b50\u8ca2\u66f0\uff1a\u300c\u300a\u8a69\u300b\u4e91\uff1a\u300e\u5982\u5207\u5982\u78cb\uff0c\u5982\u7422\u5982\u78e8\u3002\u300f\u5176\u65af\u4e4b\u8b02\u8207\uff1f\u300d\u5b50\u66f0\uff1a\u300c\u8cdc\u4e5f\uff0c\u59cb\u53ef\u8207\u8a00\u8a69\u5df2\u77e3\uff01\u544a\u8af8\u5f80\u800c\u77e5\u4f86\u8005\u3002\u300d (\u5b78\u800c, 1.15)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>8. A sense of balance<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Master You said, \"If your promise is close to righteousness, you may carry out your promise. If your politeness is close to Li, you can avoid humiliation. If you do not, as a result, lose your popularity, you can be a leader.&nbsp;<span lang=\"ko-KR\">\u6709\u5b50\u66f0\uff1a\u300c\u4fe1\u8fd1\u65bc\u7fa9\uff0c\u8a00\u53ef\u5fa9\u4e5f\uff1b\u606d\u8fd1\u65bc\u79ae\uff0c\u9060\u6065\u8fb1\u4e5f\uff1b\u56e0\u4e0d\u5931\u5176\u89aa\uff0c\u4ea6\u53ef\u5b97\u4e5f\u3002\u300d<\/span>(1.13)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>If you cherish \u4ec1 (ren) and neglect learning, you will end up being stupid; If you cherish wisdom and neglect learning, you will end up being undisciplined. If you cherish trustworthiness and neglect learning, you will end up being a gangster; If you cherish honesty and neglect learning, you will end up being caught in a straightjacket; If you cherish courage and neglect learning, you will end up being disruptive; If you cherish firmness and neglect learning, you will end up being crazy.\" \u597d\u4ec1\u4e0d\u597d\u5b78\uff0c\u5176\u853d\u4e5f\u611a\uff1b\u597d\u77e5\u4e0d\u597d\u5b78\uff0c\u5176\u853d\u4e5f\u8569\uff1b\u597d\u4fe1\u4e0d\u597d\u5b78\uff0c\u5176\u853d\u4e5f\u8cca\uff1b\u597d\u76f4\u4e0d\u597d\u5b78\uff0c\u5176\u853d\u4e5f\u7d5e\uff1b\u597d\u52c7\u4e0d\u597d\u5b78\uff0c\u5176\u853d\u4e5f\u4e82\uff1b\u597d\u525b\u4e0d\u597d\u5b78\uff0c\u5176\u853d\u4e5f\u72c2 (\u967d\u8ca8, 17.8)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"pdfprnt-buttons pdfprnt-buttons-post pdfprnt-bottom-left\"><a href=\"https:\/\/lawlec.korea.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F1465&print=pdf\" class=\"pdfprnt-button pdfprnt-button-pdf\" target=\"_blank\" ><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/lawlec.korea.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F1465&print=print\" class=\"pdfprnt-button pdfprnt-button-print\" target=\"_blank\" ><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lawlec.korea.ac.kr\/wp-content\/plugins\/pdf-print\/images\/print.png\" alt=\"image_print\" title=\"Print Content\" \/><\/a><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1. What to learn? 2. How to learn? 3. Fond of learning? 4. \u5b78\u800c\u6642\u7fd2\u4e4b\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ea6\u8aaa\u4e4e\uff1f(\u5b78\u800c, 1.1) 5. \u4f55\u5fc5\u8b80\u66f8 (he bi du shu; Do I have to read books?) 6. Can everyone learn? (Different capacity to learn) 7. Do you need a teacher? 8. Gradual advancement 8. A sense of balance<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-1465","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-aclp","7":"h-entry","8":"hentry","9":"h-as-article"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lawlec.korea.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1465","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lawlec.korea.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lawlec.korea.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lawlec.korea.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lawlec.korea.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1465"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/lawlec.korea.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1465\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4131,"href":"https:\/\/lawlec.korea.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1465\/revisions\/4131"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lawlec.korea.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1465"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lawlec.korea.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1465"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lawlec.korea.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1465"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}