{"id":1182,"date":"2011-11-29T12:44:26","date_gmt":"2011-11-29T03:44:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/lawlec.korea.ac.kr\/?p=1182"},"modified":"2023-12-10T00:52:33","modified_gmt":"2023-12-10T00:52:33","slug":"the-fate-of-confucianism","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lawlec.korea.ac.kr\/?p=1182","title":{"rendered":"The fate of Confucianism"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u711a\u66f8\u5751\u5112(fen shu keng ru; 213 BC)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>the burning of books and burying of Confucian scholars (fen shu keng ru) 'annihilated the Confucian learning'. (\u6f22\u66f8 , \u695a\u5143\u738b\u50b3 57)<\/li>\n<li>Emperor Hui repealed Qin emperor's radical prohibition of possession of books containing Confucian teachings. (192 BC) \u6f22\u66f8 , \u60e0\u5e1d\u7d00 \u56db\u5e74 (\u9664\u633e\u66f8\u5f8b)<\/li>\n<li>Rulers of Han wished to resuscitate Confucian teachings, but suffered from lack of texts. \u6f22\u66f8 , \u6b66\u5e1d\u7d00 73 , \u4eca\u79ae\u58de\u6a02\u5d29 , \u6715\u751a\u9594\u7109<\/li>\n<li>Dong Zhong Shu (\u8463\u4ef2\u8212 179BC - 104BC),<\/li>\n<li>Wu Ti \u6b66\u5e1d (reign 141BC - 87BC),<\/li>\n<li>Si Ma Qian (\u53f8\u99ac\u9077 145BC - 86BC), author of \u53f2\u8a18<\/li>\n<li>Jesus (c. 4BC - CE 30)<\/li>\n<li>Ban Gu (<span lang=\"zh-Hani\" title=\"Chinese-language text\">\u73ed\u56fa<\/span> CE 32 - 92, author of \u6f22\u66f8) describes the cruel punishments practised during the short-lived Qin dynasty: \"During the Warring States period, Han (\u97d3) employed Shen Zi and Qin employed Shang Yang. They introduced collective punishments and execution of all related family members of a criminal. They increased bodily mutilation punishments such as boring of cranium, rib-removal and boiling. At the time of Qin Shi Huang (\u79e6\u59cb\u7687), all Warring States were conquered and former king's laws have been destroyed and officials in charge of Li have been abolished. Governing was done entirely by punishments. The emperor personally scrutinised all the documents. During the day, he presided over trials. At night, he did the paperwork. ... However, crimes multiplied. Criminals in orange suit filled the streets. Prisons became crowded like busy markets. People all over the world had grievances and rebellions started.\u00a0 Han (\u6f22) dynasty was thus born and prospered. When Gao Zu entered the palace for the first time, he promised three chapters of law, that is, murderers shall be executed, those who cause injuries or commit theft shall be punished appropriately. The complicated and cruel punishments of Qin were thus abolished. Countless people were overjoyed.\"<\/li>\n<li>\u81f3\u65bc\u6230\u570b, \u97d3\u4efb\u7533\u5b50\uff0c\u79e6\u7528\u5546\u9785\uff0c\u9023\u76f8\u5750\u4e4b\u6cd5\uff0c\u9020\u53c3\u5937\u4e4b\u8a85\uff1b\u589e\u52a0\u8089\u5211\u3001\u5927\u8f9f\uff0c\u6709\u947f\u985b\u3001\u62bd\u8105\u3001\u944a\u4ea8\u4e4b\u5211\u3002\u81f3\u65bc\u79e6\u59cb\u7687\uff0c\u517c\u541e\u6230\u570b\uff0c\u9042\u6bc0\u5148\u738b\u4e4b\u6cd5\uff0c\u6ec5\u79ae\u8abc\u4e4b\u5b98\uff0c\u5c08\u4efb\u5211\u7f70\uff0c\u8eac\u64cd\u6587\u58a8\uff0c\u665d\u65b7\u7344\uff0c\u591c\u7406\u66f8\uff0c... \u3002\u800c\u59e6\u90aa\u4e26\u751f\uff0c\u8d6d\u8863\u585e\u8def\uff0c\u56f9\u5704\u6210\u5e02\uff0c\u5929\u4e0b\u6101\u6028\uff0c\u6f70\u800c\u53db\u4e4b\u3002\u6f22\u8208\uff0c\u9ad8\u7956\u521d\u5165\u95dc\uff0c\u7d04\u6cd5\u4e09\u7ae0\u66f0\uff1a\u300c\u6bba\u4eba\u8005\u6b7b\uff0c\u50b7\u4eba\u53ca\u76dc\u62b5\u7f6a\u3002\u300d\u8832\u524a\u7169\u82db\uff0c\u5146\u6c11\u5927\u8aaa (\u6f22\u66f8, \u5211\u6cd5\u5fd7, 12-14)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>1. Suppression of 'false' opinions<\/h4>\n<p>In my humble opinion, anything other than the six arts and Confucian subjects should be banned and not be presented. When false and extreme theories are annihilated, the opinions can be unified and the law shall become clear and people will know what to obey. \u81e3\u611a\u4ee5\u70ba\u8af8\u4e0d\u5728\u516d\u85dd\u4e4b\u79d1\u5b54\u5b50\u4e4b\u8853\u8005\uff0c\u7686\u7d55\u5176\u9053\uff0c\u52ff\u4f7f\u4e26\u9032\u3002\u90aa\u8f9f\u4e4b\u8aaa\u6ec5\u606f\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u7d71\u7d00\u53ef\u4e00\u800c\u6cd5\u5ea6\u53ef\u660e\uff0c\u6c11\u77e5\u6240\u5f9e\u77e3\u3002(\u6f22\u66f8 , \u8463\u4ef2\u8212\u50b3 39)<\/p>\n<h4><strong>2. Genesis<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>'Heaven, earth, and man: they are the root of everything. Heaven creates, the earth rourishes, and man completes. Heaven creates with filial piety (xiao) and fraternal love (ti), the earth rourishes with food and cloth, and man completes with ethics and music.<\/p>\n<p>'Failure to have filial piety and fraternal love is to lose what you are created with, failure to have food and cloth is to lose what you are to be reared with, failure to have ethics and music is to lose what you are to complete everything with.' (\u6625\u79cb\u7e41\u9732, \u7acb\u5143\u795e 1)<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Superior position of <strong>xiao<\/strong> and <strong>ti<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>They became an absolute, ineluctable code of human conduct made in heaven. They are 'baked' in all of us.<\/li>\n<li>Humans may be made by humans; but filial piety is made in heaven?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Being true (\u6b63) means to be true to what Heaven ordained as human nature. Heaven ordained humans to do \u4ec1\u7fa9 and to have shame - unlike the wild beasts. \u6b63\u4e5f\u8005\uff0c\u6b63\u65bc\u5929\u4e4b\u70ba\u4eba\u6027\u547d\u4e5f\u3002\u5929\u4e4b\u70ba\u4eba\u6027\u547d\uff0c\u4f7f\u884c\u4ec1\u7fa9\u800c\u7f9e\u53ef\u6065\uff0c\u975e\u82e5\u9ce5\u7378\u7136 (\u6625\u79cb\u7e41\u9732 , \u7af9\u6797 4)<\/p>\n<h4><strong>3. \u967d\u5c0a\u9670\u5351 (Yang is noble; Yin is base)<br \/><\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Ancient tradition: Harmony between Yin and Yang\n<ul>\n<li>Now Yin, now Yang. This is called Dao. Continuing this is good. Completing this is the nature. A man of integrity would call it integrity. A man of wisdom would call it wisdom. \u5468\u6613 , \u7e6b\u8fad\u4e0a 5 ( \u4e00\u9670\u4e00\u967d\u4e4b\u8b02\u9053 , \u7e7c\u4e4b\u8005\u5584\u4e5f , \u6210\u4e4b\u8005\u6027\u4e5f \u3002 \u4ec1\u8005\u898b\u4e4b\u8b02\u4e4b\u4ec1 , \u77e5\u8005\u898b\u4e4b\u8b02\u4e4b\u77e5)<\/li>\n<li>Dao brings forth one, one brings forth two, two bring forth three, three bring forth everything. Everything is equiped with yin and contains yang. Mixture of these two energies makes harmony.' \u9053\u751f\u4e00\uff0c\u4e00\u751f\u4e8c\uff0c\u4e8c\u751f\u4e09\uff0c\u4e09\u751f\u842c\u7269\u3002\u842c\u7269\u8ca0\u9670\u800c\u62b1\u967d\uff0c\u6c96\u6c23\u4ee5\u70ba\u548c (\u9053\u5fb7\u7d93 42)<\/li>\n<li>'How great is yang! With yang begins everything. How vast and permeating is yin! With yin is created everything.'<\/li>\n<li>Thus, Yin Yang and four seasons are the end and the beginning of everything and the root of death and life. If you go against them, disasters will appear. If you obey them, terrible diseases will not arise. This is called enlightenment. \u6545\u9670\u967d\u56db\u6642\u8005\uff0c\u842c\u7269\u4e4b\u7d42\u59cb\u4e5f\uff0c\u6b7b\u751f\u4e4b\u672c\u4e5f\uff0c\u9006\u4e4b\u5247\u707d\u5bb3\u751f\uff0c\u5f9e\u4e4b\u5247\u82db\u75be\u4e0d\u8d77\uff0c\u662f\u8b02\u5f97\u9053\u3002 (\u9ec3\u5e1d\u5167\u7d93 , \u7d20\u554f , \u56db\u6c23\u8abf\u795e\u5927\u8ad6 3)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>However, Dong Zhong Shu advanced a completely new vision: Cosmic struggle between Yang and Yin and Yang's suppression of Yin (\u967d\u5c0a\u9670\u5351):\n<ul>\n<li>Yang is the virtue of the almighty Heaven; Yin is the punishment of the almighty Heaven. \u967d\u8005\u5929\u4e4b\u5fb7\u4e5f , \u9670\u8005\u5929\u4e4b\u5211\u4e5f (\u6625\u79cb\u7e41\u9732, \u9670\u967d\u7fa9)<\/li>\n<li>Everything bad belongs to Yin. Everything good belongs to Yang. Yang is virtue. Yin is punishment. \u60e1\u4e4b\u5c6c\u76e1\u70ba\u9670\uff0c\u5584\u4e4b\u5c6c\u76e1\u70ba\u967d\u3002\u967d\u70ba\u5fb7\uff0c\u9670\u70ba\u5211\u3002(\u6625\u79cb\u7e41\u9732, \u967d\u5c0a\u9670\u5351)<\/li>\n<li>To control all evils which reside within and to forbid them from manifesting themselves without, that is our mind (xin). That is why mind is called the 'thin branch' (\u6823\u773e\u60e1\u65bc\u5167\uff0c\u5f17\u4f7f\u5f97\u767c\u65bc\u5916\u8005\uff0c\u5fc3\u4e5f\uff0c\u6545\u5fc3\u4e4b\u70ba\u540d\uff0c\u6823\u4e5f\u3002) Just as Heaven forbids yin, so in our body too, emotions and desires must be forbidden. As the dim light of moon (yin) is permanently suppressed by the brilliant light of sun (yang), all that the moon can do is to become full only to lose its fullness. The almighty Heaven thus forbids yin. Likewise, we should forbid desires and stifle emotions. That is to be in tune with Heaven. (\u5929\u6709\u9670\u967d\u7981\uff0c\u8eab\u6709\u60c5\u6b32\uff0c\u8207\u5929\u9053\u4e00\u4e5f\u3002\u662f\u4ee5\u9670\u4e4b\u884c\u4e0d\u5f97\u5e72\u6625\u590f\uff0c\u800c\u6708\u4e4b\u9b44\u5e38\u53ad\u65bc\u65e5\u5149\u3002\u4e4d\u5168\u4e4d\u50b7\uff0c\u5929\u4e4b\u7981\u9670\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5b89\u5f97\u4e0d\u640d\u5176\u6b32\u800c\u8f1f\u5176\u60c5\u4ee5\u61c9\u5929\u3002). What the almighty Heaven forbids, human body forbids too. That is why it is said that human body is just like Heaven. To forbid what Heaven forbids is not forbidden by Heaven. \u5929\u6240\u7981\u800c\u8eab\u7981\u4e4b\uff0c\u6545\u66f0\u8eab\u7336\u5929\u4e5f\u3002\u7981\u5929\u6240\u7981\uff0c\u975e\u7981\u5929\u4e5f\u3002(\u6625\u79cb\u7e41\u9732, \u6df1\u5bdf\u540d\u865f)<\/li>\n<li>Dong's \"explanation\" for the supremacy of Yang:\n<ul>\n<li>Days are counted on the basis of daylight rather than night. (\u6545\u6578\u65e5\u8005\uff0c\u64da\u66f8\u800c\u4e0d\u64da\u591c)<\/li>\n<li>Years are counted on the basis of Yang, rather than Yin. (\u6578\u6b72\u8005\uff0c\u64da\u967d\u800c\u4e0d\u64da\u9670)<\/li>\n<li>Men, though they may be base, are nevertheless Yang. Women, though they may be noble, are nevertheless Yin. (\u4e08\u592b\u96d6\u8ce4\u7686\u70ba\u967d\uff0c\u5a66\u4eba\u96d6\u8cb4\u7686\u70ba\u9670)<\/li>\n<li>The Yang force comes out of the earth in the first month (the 'correct' month); makes all things live and grow; and completes its work in 10 months. Humans also are completed in 10 months. This is in accord with the heavenly number. (\u967d\u6c23\u4ee5\u6b63\u6708\u59cb\u51fa\u65bc\u5730\uff0c\u751f\u80b2\u9577\u990a\u65bc\u4e0a\u3002\u81f3\u5176\u529f\u5fc5\u6210\u4e5f\uff0c\u800c\u7a4d\u5341\u6708\u3002\u4eba\u4ea6\u5341\u6708\u800c\u751f\uff0c\u5408\u65bc\u5929\u6578\u4e5f)<\/li>\n<li>Therefore, Yang force comes out from North East and returns into North West. It blossoms in early spring and it ends in early winter. (\u6545\u967d\u6c23\u51fa\u65bc\u6771\u5317\uff0c\u5165\u65bc\u897f\u5317\uff0c\u767c\u65bc\u5b5f\u6625\uff0c\u7562\u65bc\u5b5f\u51ac)<\/li>\n<li>When Yang force begins to come out, things also begin to come out. When Yang force is lush, things are also lush. When Yang force begins to wither, things also begin to wither. Things follow the Yang force's coming and going. Numbers also follow the Yang force's beginning and ending. (\u967d\u59cb\u51fa\uff0c\u7269\u4ea6\u59cb\u51fa\uff1b\u967d\u65b9\u76db\uff0c\u7269\u4ea6\u65b9\u76db\uff1b\u967d\u521d\u8870\uff0c\u7269\u4ea6\u521d\u8870\u3002\u7269\u96a8\u967d\u800c\u51fa\u5165\uff0c\u6578\u96a8\u967d\u800c\u7d42\u59cb)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Supression of cruel punishments<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>The air of yang is warm but the air of yin is cold. Yang gives but yin takes away. Yang is benevolent, yin is perverse. Yang is generous, yin is harsh. Yang is love, yin is hatred. Yang is life, yin is death. \u967d\u6c23\u6696\u800c\u9670\u6c23\u5bd2\uff0c\u967d\u6c23\u4e88\u800c\u9670\u6c23\u596a\uff0c\u967d\u6c23\u4ec1\u800c\u9670\u6c23\u623e\uff0c\u967d\u6c23\u5bec\u800c\u9670\u6c23\u6025\uff0c\u967d\u6c23\u611b\u800c\u9670\u6c23\u60e1\uff0c\u967d\u6c23\u751f\u800c\u9670\u6c23\u6bba ... For these reasons, the method of Heaven is that yang is kept close and yin is kept remote. Virtue must be emphasised, punishment should not be emphasised. Successful accomplishment of the world may not be achieved by relying on punishments. This is just like you may not leave the task of completing the year to yin. Governing through punishments may be called as going against Heaven. That is not the kingly way. \u662f\u6545\u5929\u6578\u53f3\u967d\u800c\u4e0d\u53f3\u9670\uff0c\u52d9\u5fb7\u800c\u4e0d\u52d9\u5211\u3002\u5211\u4e4b\u4e0d\u53ef\u4efb\u4ee5\u6210\u4e16\u4e5f\uff0c\u7336\u9670\u4e4b\u4e0d\u53ef\u4efb\u4ee5\u6210\u6b72\u4e5f\u3002\u70ba\u653f\u800c\u4efb\u5211\uff0c\u8b02\u4e4b\u9006\u5929\uff0c\u975e\u738b\u9053\u4e5f (\u6625\u79cb\u7e41\u9732, \u967d\u5c0a\u9670\u5351)<\/li>\n<li>Yin is the air of punishment. Yang is the air of virtue. ... Spring (\u6625) means happiness (\u5046\u5046). Autumn (\u79cb) means sadness (\u6e6b\u6e6b). ... Death is sad. Life is happy. Spring grows to be summer. Autumn diminishes into winter. ... Therefore, love should be offered first before meting out stern punishment. The obvious truth of Heaven is that life should be celebrated and death should be mourned. (\u6625\u79cb\u7e41\u9732 , \u738b\u9053\u901a\u4e09)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Permanent submission to the king, to the father and to the husband<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>'The ruler is yang; the minister is yin; the father yang, the son yin, husband yang, wife yin.' \u541b\u70ba\u967d\uff0c\u81e3\u70ba\u9670\uff1b\u7236\u70ba\u967d\uff0c\u5b50\u70ba\u9670\uff1b\u592b\u70ba\u967d\uff0c\u59bb\u70ba\u9670\u3002(\u6625\u79cb\u7e41\u9732, \u57fa\u7fa9)<\/li>\n<li>Although Meng Zi already displayed misogyny ('The way of girls and ladies is to follow. They are right when they follow.' \u7121\u9055\u592b\u5b50 \u4ee5\u9806\u70ba\u6b63\u8005\uff0c\u59be\u5a66\u4e4b\u9053\u4e5f (\u6ed5\u6587\u516c\u4e0b 2)) and submission to the father (If you do not obey your father, you cannot be a son. \u4e0d\u9806\u4e4e\u89aa , \u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u70ba\u5b50, \u96e2\u5a41\u4e0a 28), Dong Zhong Shu marks the beginning of absolutist ideology where the king, the father and the husband can NEVER be disobeyed (because they are yang and because yin must always obey yang)<\/li>\n<li>The ruler who received the heavenly commandment is approved by the will of Heaven. That's why he is called the son of Heaven. It means that the ruler must regard Heaven as his father. He must respect and worship Heaven with filial piety. The name 'feudal lords (\u4faf hou)' means that they must seek how (\u5019 hou) to serve the son of Heaven. their vassals and uphold the son of Heaven. The name 'great ministers (\u5927\u592b da fu)' means that their loyalty, trustworthiness, propriety and rightness must be greater (\u5927 da) than ordinary people. The name 'officers (\u58eb shi)' means that they must serve (\u4e8b shi) their superiors. The name 'people (\u6c11 min)' means that they are stupid and virtually blind (\u7791 ming). \u53d7\u547d\u4e4b\u541b\uff0c\u5929\u610f\u4e4b\u6240\u4e88\u4e5f\u3002\u6545\u865f\u70ba\u5929\u5b50\u8005\uff0c\u5b9c\u8996\u5929\u5982\u7236\uff0c\u4e8b\u5929\u4ee5\u5b5d\u9053\u4e5f\u3002\u865f\u70ba\u8af8\u4faf\u8005\uff0c\u5b9c\u8b39\u8996\u6240\u5019\u5949\u4e4b\u5929\u5b50\u4e5f\u3002\u865f\u70ba\u5927\u592b\u8005\uff0c\u5b9c\u539a\u5176\u5fe0\u4fe1\uff0c\u6566\u5176\u79ae\u7fa9\uff0c\u4f7f\u5584\u5927\u65bc\u5339\u592b\u4e4b\u7fa9\uff0c\u8db3\u4ee5\u5316\u4e5f\u3002\u58eb\u8005\uff0c\u4e8b\u4e5f\uff1b\u6c11\u8005\uff0c\u7791\u4e5f\u3002(\u6df1\u5bdf\u540d\u865f)<\/li>\n<li>compare: \u541b\u541b\u81e3\u81e3\u7236\u7236\u5b50\u5b50 (\u9854\u6df5 12.11)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>4. \u4ec1, Love thy neighbour<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Love, love, love. Don't fight! No need to fight, no reason to fight.\n<ul>\n<li>What is \u4ec1? \u4ec1 is to have the aching and sad feelings of love, to have the utmost intent to achieve harmony without fighting, to regulate your likes and dislikes in accordance with the code of conduct, not to have the intent to hurt or to hate, not to harbour ill feelings, not to have jealousy, not to have sad desires, not to have sinister schemes and not to do any devient or evasive action. Therefore, your mind is at ease, your will is serene, your energy is harmonious, your desire is under control, your affairs are effortlessly done, your conduct is in line with the Way. In this way, you achieve peace, ease, harmony and reason and thus have no reason to fight. This is called \u4ec1. (\u5fc5\u4ec1\u4e14\u77e5 2)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><span id=\"en-NIV-23322\" class=\"text Matt-7-5\"><span class=\"woj\">First take the plank out of your own eye<\/span><\/span>; don't judge your neighbour\n<ul>\n<li>\u4ec1 (ren) means to give comfort to others (\u4eba ren). Rightness (\u7fa9 yi) means to correct myself (\u6211 wo). This is why \u4ec1 sounds like \u4eba and \u7fa9 sounds like \u6211. You must realise that \u4ec1 is about others; \u7fa9 is about correcting myself. ... The method of \u4ec1 consists in loving others; it does not consist in loving oneself. The method of \u7fa9 consists in correcting myself; it does not consists in correcting others.<\/li>\n<li>Be not judges of others, and you will not be judged; do not condemn others and you will not be condemned. Seek instead to correct yourself and keep yourself from sin (zheng wo \u6b63\u6211). (\u4ec1\u7fa9\u6cd5)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><strong>5. Dong Zhong Shu's theory of Omen<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Small scale disasters are the cautions of Heaven. Major catastrophes are the threats sent by Heaven. When the caution does not work, Heaven terrifies men with threats. The root of all disasters and catastrophes lies in misgovernment. When things in government begin to go wrong, Heaven brings forth small scale disasters to issue the caution. When people are thus cautioned, and nevertheless fail to reform, Heaven shows major catastrophes to shock people. If, even after this shock treatment, people still do not fear the wrath of Heaven, serous disasters will strike really hard. So, we may understand that Heaven's will is benevolent [He loves us]. He does not mean to trap us in hardship (\u5929\u610f\u4e4b\u4ec1\u800c\u4e0d\u6b32\u9677\u4eba\u4e5f). \u5fc5\u4ec1\u4e14\u77e5 4<\/li>\n<li>cf. The Master did not talk about strange events, natural disasters, disruptions or gods. \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u5b50\u4e0d\u8a9e\u602a\uff0c\u529b\uff0c\u4e82\uff0c\u795e\u3002(Lunyu 7.21)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>6. Heaven's love is limitless, boundless and endless<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Heaven is \u4ec1. Heaven oversees and raises everything. Heaven creates, raises and completes. Heaven's work is never ending. When it ceases, it begins again. Everything it does redounds to serving people. If you carefully observe Heaven's intent, you will realise that Heaven's \u4ec1 is limitless, boundless and endless (wu qiong ji \u7121\u7aae\u6975\u4e4b\u4ec1\u4e5f). ... Heaven always have the intent to love and to give benefit to people. (\u738b\u9053\u901a\u4e09)<\/li>\n<li>I know Heaven's love (\u611b) for people is great. This is because he laid out the sun, the moon and the stars and guides them brilliantly; he created the four seasons and leads them in order; he makes the snow, frost, rain and dews fall so that five grains and hemp can grow; he lets the people harvest them so that these materials can benefit them; he made the mountains, rivers and valleys; and he disposes and propagates all things therein. He superintends the people's conducts good and bad. He installs the kings, dukes, counts, viscounts to rule the people. He rewards the talented; punishes the violent. He provides the metal, wood, birds and animals in abundance. He tends five grains and hemp so that people can have them as food and clothes. Of old until now, it has always been like this. Now, imagine a person dearly loved his son and did everything to benefit him. If the son grows and does not reciprocate the father's love, all noble men of the world will say that it is immoral and blasphemous. Heaven loves everything on earth and shower benefits on us by providing all these things. Look at even the smallest tip of a hair. There is nothing which is not the work of Heaven. \u58a8\u5b50 , \u5929\u5fd7\u4e2d 6<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5b50\u66f0 : \u300c \u5929\u4f55\u8a00\u54c9 ? \u56db\u6642\u884c\u7109 , \u767e\u7269\u751f\u7109 , \u5929\u4f55\u8a00\u54c9 ? (\u967d\u8ca8 17.19)<\/p>\n<p>The Mater said, \"Does Heaven say anything? Four seasons come and go. All sorts of things are born. Does Heaven say anything?\"<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n<div class=\"pdfprnt-buttons pdfprnt-buttons-post pdfprnt-bottom-left\"><a href=\"https:\/\/lawlec.korea.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F1182&print=pdf\" class=\"pdfprnt-button pdfprnt-button-pdf\" target=\"_blank\" ><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/lawlec.korea.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F1182&print=print\" class=\"pdfprnt-button pdfprnt-button-print\" target=\"_blank\" ><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lawlec.korea.ac.kr\/wp-content\/plugins\/pdf-print\/images\/print.png\" alt=\"image_print\" title=\"Print Content\" \/><\/a><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u711a\u66f8\u5751\u5112(fen shu keng ru; 213 BC) the burning of books and burying of Confucian scholars (fen shu keng ru) 'annihilated the Confucian learning'. (\u6f22\u66f8 , \u695a\u5143\u738b\u50b3 57) Emperor Hui repealed Qin emperor's radical prohibition of possession of books containing Confucian teachings. (192 BC) \u6f22\u66f8 , \u60e0\u5e1d\u7d00 \u56db\u5e74 (\u9664\u633e\u66f8\u5f8b) Rulers of Han wished to resuscitate Confucian <a href=\"https:\/\/lawlec.korea.ac.kr\/?p=1182\" class=\"more-link\">...continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> \"The fate of Confucianism\"<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1182","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","category-aclp","h-entry","hentry","h-as-article"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lawlec.korea.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1182","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lawlec.korea.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lawlec.korea.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lawlec.korea.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lawlec.korea.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1182"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/lawlec.korea.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1182\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3874,"href":"https:\/\/lawlec.korea.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1182\/revisions\/3874"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lawlec.korea.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1182"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lawlec.korea.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1182"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lawlec.korea.ac.kr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1182"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}